Ch 1 Intro Flashcards
What is the vaso vasorum?
-Small blood vessels within the walls of large arteries + veins
-Functions to bring a blood supply with nutrients to the blood vessel walls
What is the intima, media + adventitia composed of?
Intima: endothelial cell lining with connective tissue components under it
Media: smooth muscle
Adventitia: collagen, nerve fibers + small blood vessels
Do lower or upper extremity veins have thicker walls?
Lower
Differentiate b/w large arteries, small/medium arteries + arterioles?
Large: Aorta + its largest branches (brachiocephalic, LCC, LSC + common iliac arteries)
Small/Medium: approx 4mm, includes all arteries except Ao + its largest branches
Arterioles: approx <100 microns, they connect to capillaries + provide resistance to blood flow
Differentiate b/w large veins, small/medium veins + venules?
Large: PV, IVC, SVC + their main branches
Small/Medium: approx 1-10mm, includes all veins except the large veins
Venules: approx 20 microns, connect to capillaries
Which layer of large veins is thickest?
Adventitia
Are vein valves bicuspid or tricuspid?
Bicuspid
As a valve closes blood fills a slightly enlarged space b/w the wall of the vein + the valve, this is called the ___?
Sinus
Valves are primarily where?
In the limbs, numerous in the legs
(valves are present where venous flow must move upward against gravity)
Are there valves within veins of the thorax + abdomen?
No
How small are capillaries?
Approx 8 microns (smallest vessel in body)
Capillary walls are composed of how many layers?
1 - layer of endothelial cells (intima)
How big is the ascending aorta?
3cm
What is the path of the Asc Ao?
Starts at AoV, goes upward to become the Ao arch, crosses the trachea, then goes downward on the left side of the trachea to become the descending Ao
3 branches of the Ao arch?
1st: Brachiocephalic artery (aka innominate artery), is the largest branch
2nd: Left CCA
3rd: Left subclavian artery
The brachiocephalic artery divides into what?
Right CCA + right subclavian artery
The subclavian arteries give rise to branches that supply what parts of the body?
Brain, neck, throacic wall + shoulder
The subclavian artery becomes the ___ artery after the 1st rib?
The axillary artery
The axillary artery becomes ___ artery 1cm below the elbow joint?
Brachial artery
The brachial artery ends by dividing into what 2 arteries?
Radial (thumb side) + ulnar (pinky side) arteries
What is the largest branch of the brachial artery?
The deep brachial artery (aka profunda brachii)
Is the ulnar or radial artery larger?
Ulnar
The ulnar artery becomes what?
The superficial palmar arch
The radial artery joins the deep palmar branch of the ulnar artery to form what?
The deep palmar arch
Where are the superficial + deep palmar arches?
In the hand
Superficial: by fingers
Deep: by palm
How do collateral pathways work in the event that the brachiocephalic or subclavian artery gets blocked?
Collateral flow can enter the distal subclavian artery via the vertebral artery (branch off subclavian)
(pathology is known as the subclavian steal)
The radial part of venous network drains into the ___ vein, while the ulnar part drains into the ___ vein?
Cephalic, basilic
The palmar digita veins flow over the palmar surface of the wrist + help form ___ veins?
The medial antebrachial veins
The superficial veins of the arm include?
The cephalic, basilic + medial antebrachial veins
The cephalic vein empties into ___ vein?
Axillary
The basilic vein joins the brachial vein to form the ___ vein?
Axillary
The median antebrachial vein empties into ___ vein?
Basilic
The deep veins of the arm include?
The axillary, brachial, radial + ulnar veins
How many brachial veins course along each side of the brachial artery?
2 veins
What 2 veins join together to form the brachiocephalic vein?
The subclavian vein + internal jugular vein
The right + left brachiocephalic veins join together to form the ___?
SVC
Differentiate the location b/w the cephalic + basilic vein?
Cephalic:
-Radial
-Lateral border bicep
-Empties into axillary vein
Basilic:
-Ulnar
-Medial border bicep
-Joins brachial vein to form axillary vein
