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ISDN1 > Ch. 4 Fundamentals Of IPv4 Addressing And Routing > Flashcards

Ch. 4 Fundamentals Of IPv4 Addressing And Routing Flashcards

0
Q

Addresses used to identify a packets source and destination host computer, addressing rules also organize addresses into groups which greatly assist the writing process

A

IP addressing

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1
Q

The process of hosts and routers forwarding IP packets (layer 3 PDUs) while relying on the underlying LANs and WANs to forward the bits

A

IP routing

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2
Q

Protocol that aids routers by dynamically learning about IP address groups so that the router knows where to route IP packets so that they go to the right destination host

A

IP routing protocol

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3
Q

The network layer also relies on other utilities for TCP/IP the utility’s include domain name system (DNS) address resolution protocol (ARP) and ping

A

Other utilities

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4
Q

DNS

A

Domain name system

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5
Q

ARP

A

Address resolution protocol

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6
Q

IP focuses on the job of

A

Routing data

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7
Q

IP does not concern itself with

A

The physical transmission of data

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8
Q

IP relies on ______ ______ ______to do the physical transmission of the data

A

Lower TCP/IP layers

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9
Q

IP concerns itself with _____ _____ instead of physical details of delivering data

A

Logical details

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10
Q

Routers and end user computers called _____ in a TCP/IP network work together to perform IP routing

A

Hosts

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11
Q

The term _____ ______ is sometimes used to refer the routing process, at other times it refers to the routing protocols specifically how routing protocols select the best route among the competing routes to the same destination

A

Path selection

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12
Q

The default router is also referred to as

A

The default gateway

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13
Q

The table that lists IP address groupings is called

A

IP routing table

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14
Q

IP address groupings are made up of____ and _____

A

IP networks and IP subnets

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15
Q

The _____ ______ layer adds the appropriate header and trailer to the packet creating a frame before sending the frames over each physical network

A

Data link

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16
Q

______ dynamically learns the data link address of an IP’s host connected to a LAN

A

ARP (address resolution protocol)

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17
Q

How does a router determine which data at link address to use

A

Via ARP

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18
Q

What are the two main topics routing has covered so far

A

Forwarding Layer 3 packets also known as PDU

Encapsulating layer 3 packets in the later 2 frames for Transmission

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19
Q

____ defines network layer addresses that identify any host or router interface That connect to a TCP/IP network

A

IP

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20
Q

TCP/IP groups IP addresses together so that IP addresses used on the same physical network are part of the same group, these groups are known as _____ or ______

A

IP network or an IP subnet

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21
Q

Network layer protocols group addresses both by their _____ and by the actual_____ ______

A

Location

Address values

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22
Q

Hosts need to know the IP address of their ______ ______ so that hosts can send packets to promote destiny

A

Default router

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23
Q

Routers need to know ______ so that routers know how to forward packets to each and every IP networking IP subnet

A

Routes

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24
Q

Most network engineers enable a _______ _______ on all their routers. When enabled within a TCP/IP network with the correct settings routers send messages to each other and learn all the IP networks and subnets for the TCP/IP internetwork

A

Routing protocol

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25
Q

What is the most important topic for the CCENT and CCNA exams

A

IPv4

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26
Q

If the device want to communicate using TCP/IP it needs an _____ _____

A

IP address

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27
Q

When a device has an IP address and appropriate software and hardware it can send and receive _____ _____

A

IP packets

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28
Q

Any device that has at least one interface with an IP address can send and receive IP packets and it’s called an ____ ____

A

IP host

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29
Q

IP addresses consist of a ____ _____ number usually written and dotted decimal notation DDN

A

32-bit

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30
Q

How many bits are in a byte

A

8

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31
Q

Each DDN has four decimal ____ separated by periods

A

Octets

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32
Q

The term octet is just a vendor neutral term for

A

A byte

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33
Q

The range of decimal numbers and each octet is between ___ and ___

A

0 and 255

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34
Q

Each network interface uses a unique

A

IP address

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35
Q

If a laptop has both an ethernet network interface card NIC and a wireless NIC with both working at the same time at the same time both will have an_____ _____

A

IP address

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36
Q

The original specifications for TCP/IP group IP addresses into sets of consecutive addresses called. _____ ____

A

IP networks

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37
Q

The addresses in a single IP network have the same ______ ______ in the first part of all addresses in the network

A

Numeric value

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38
Q

All IP addresses in the same group must not be separate from each other by a

A

Router

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39
Q

IP addresses separated from each other by a ______ must be in different groups

A

Router

40
Q

IP routing relies on all addresses and one IP network or IP subnet to be in the same ______

A

Location

41
Q

Class A IP networks Receive DDN numbers that begin with ____ to ____

A

1 through 126

42
Q

Class B IP networks received DDN numbers that be begin with _____ to _____

A

128 through 191

43
Q

Class C IP networks receive DDN numbers that begin with _____ to ____

A

192 through 223

44
Q

Class a B and C addresses are all_____

A

Unicast

45
Q

Class D IP networks receive numbers that begin with ____ to _____

A

224 through 239

46
Q

Class D networks are ______

A

Multicast

47
Q

Class E IP networks receive numbers that begin with ____ to ____

A

240 through 255

48
Q

Class E networks are considered

A

Experimental

49
Q

Class A networks each support very large number of IP addresses (over 16 million hosts) however because each class A network is so large class A only holds _____class A networks

A

126

50
Q

Class B defines IP networks that have _____ addresses per network but with space for over _____ such networks

A

65,534

16,000

51
Q

Class C defines much smaller IP networks with _____ addresses each

A

254

52
Q

Network ID

A

Network identifier

53
Q

The ______ ______ is just one reserved DDN value per network that identifies the IP network

A

Network ID

54
Q

The _____ _____ cannot be used by host as an IP address

A

Network ID

55
Q

Network number and network address are common terms also used to describe the _____ _____

A

Network ID

56
Q

The term _____ ______ _____the first to any class A B or C network because it is defined by class a B and C rules

A

Classful IP network

57
Q

Class A octet range is _____ to _____

A

1 to 126

58
Q

Class A valid network numbers are _____ to _____

A

1.0.0.0 to 126.0.0.0

59
Q

Class B octet range is ____ to ____

A

128 to 191

60
Q

Class B valid network numbers are ____ to ____

A

128.0.0.0 to 191.255.0.0

61
Q

Class C octet range is ____ to _____

A

192 to 223

62
Q

Class C valid network numbers are ____ to _____

A

192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.0

63
Q

______ defines methods of further subdividing IPv4 address space into groups that are smaller than a single IP network

A

Subnetting

64
Q

_____ is shorthand for subdivided network

A

Subnet

65
Q

A network made up of routers switches cables and other equipment is called a_____

A

Internetwork

66
Q

150.9.1.0 - 150.9.4.0 - 150.9.5.0 - 150.9.2.0 - 150.9.3.0 are all ______ of class B network 150.9.0.0

A

Subnets

67
Q

Host use simple routing logic when choosing where to send the packet if you assume that the design uses subsets this two-step logic is:

A

If the destination IP addresses in the same IP subnet as I am send the packets directly to that destination host

Otherwise send the packet to my default gateway also known as a default router

68
Q

The destination IP address is in the same subnet send that package directly to the destination host otherwise:

A

Send it to my default gateway

69
Q

What are the first two steps a router does when a frame arrives

A

Uses Frame check sequence (FCS) to ensure that the frame had no errors, if errors occurred discard the frame

Assuming the frame is not discarded at step one, discard the old data link header and trailer leaving IP packet

70
Q

What are the third and fourth steps a router does arrives

A

Compare IP packets destination IP address to the routing table and find the route the best matches the destination address

Encapsulate the packet inside a new datalink header and trailer appropriate for the outgoing interface and forward the frame

71
Q

What step in router forwarding logic is the main step

A

Step 3. Compare the IP packets destination IP address to the routing table and find the route the best matches the destination address

72
Q

OSPF

A

Open shortest Path first

73
Q

These are all:
Dynamically learning and filling the routing table with the route to each subnet in the internetwork

if more than one route to a subnet is available to place the best route in the routing table

To notice when routes in the table are no longer valid it’s remove them from the routing table

If a route is removed from the routing table and another route through another neighboring router is available to add the route to the routing table

To work quickly when adding new routes or replacing lost routes

To prevent routing loops

A

The goals of a routing protocol

74
Q

The time between losing a route and finding a working replacement route is called ______ _____

A

Convergence time

75
Q

When a new router sends a protocol message informing them subnet of a new route it is called

A

Routing update

76
Q

TCP/IP defined a way to use ______ _____ to identify other computers

A

Host names

77
Q

TCP/IP uses _____ _____ _____ to find an IP address used by the listed host name

A

Domain name system (DNS)

78
Q

In order to determine a IP address with a host name a ____ ____ is sent to a DNS server. the DNS server sends back a DNS reply that list the IP address for the given host name

A

DNS query

79
Q

The method by which any host or motor on the LAN can dynamically learn the Mac address of another IP host or router on the same LAN is called

A

Address resolution protocol (ARP)

80
Q

If A message ask the simple request “is this your IP address please reply with your MAC address” it is known as an

A

ARP request

81
Q

A response for a MAC address is called a

A

ARP reply

82
Q

A host will check a ____ _____ to see if it has a MAC address before sending out an ARP request

A

ARP cache

83
Q

A ____ ____ is generated as a host learns MAC addresses for other hosts

A

ARP cache

84
Q

What is the command to see the contents of the ARP cache on most PC operating system

A

arp -a

85
Q

How do you test basic IP connectivity without relying on any applications to be working

A

Use the Ping command

86
Q

Ping

A

Packet Internet groper

87
Q

ICMP

A

Internet control message protocol

88
Q

A ping will send a ____ ____ and receive a ____ _____

A

Echo request

Echo reply

89
Q

What are the functions of OSI layer 3 (network layer) protocols

A

Logical addressing and path selection

90
Q

PC 1 needs to send some data to PC 2. PC 1 and PC 2 are separated by several routers and sit on different ethernet LANs. What are the largest entities (in size) that make it from PC 1 to PC 2

A

Packet and L3 PDU

91
Q

Which of the following is a valid class C IP address that can be assigned to host:

  1. 1.1.1
  2. 1.1.1
  3. 128.128.128
  4. 1.1.1
  5. 223.223.255
A

200.1.1.1

92
Q

What is the assignable range of values for the first octet for class A IP networks

A

1 to 126

93
Q

PC1 and PC2 are on two different ethernet LANs that are separated by an IP router PC1’s IP address is 10.1.1.1, and no subnetting is used. Which of the following addresses could be used for PC2 (choose two)

  1. 1.1.2
  2. 2.2.2
  3. 200.200.1
  4. 1.1.1
  5. 1.1.1
  6. 1.1,1
A
  1. 1.1.1

1. 1.1.1

94
Q

What does a router normally use when making decisions about writing TCP/IP packets

A

Destination IP address

95
Q

Which of the following are true about a LAN connected TCP/IP host and it’s IP routing choices (choose two)

The host always sends packets to it’s default gateway

The host sends packets to it’s default gateway if the destination IP address is in a different class of IP network than the host

The host sends packets to it’s default gateway if the destination IP address is in a different subnet than the host

The host sends packets to it’s default gateway if the destination IP addresses in the same subnet as the host

A

The host sends packets to it’s default gateway if the destination IP address is in a different class of IP network then the host

The host sends packets to it’s default gateway if the destination IP address is in a different subnet them the host

96
Q

Which of the following are functions of a routing protocol (choose 2)

Advertising known routes to neighboring routes

Learning routes for subnets directly connected to the router

Learning routes and putting those routes into the routing table for routes advertised to the router by its neighboring routers

Forwarding IP packets based on a packets destination IP address

A

Advertising known routes to neighboring routes

Learning routes and putting those routes into the routing table for routes advertised to the router by its neighboring routers

97
Q

A company implements a TCP/IP network. With PC1 sitting on an ethernet LAN. which of the following protocols and features requires PC1 to learn information from some other device

A

DNS

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