Ch 4: Ethical Guidelines

Question 1

beneficence

Answer 1

an ethical principle from the Belmont Report stating that researchers must take precautions to protect participants from harm and to promote participants’ well-being

Question 2

data fabrication

Answer 2

an ethical problem that occurs when researchers invent data that fit their hypotheses

Question 3

data falsification

Answer 3

an ethical problem that occurs when researchers influence a study’s results, perhaps by deleting observations from a data set or by influencing their research subjects to act in the hypothesized way

Question 4

debriefed

Answer 4

to inform participants afterward about a study’s true nature, details, and hypotheses

Question 5

deception

Answer 5

the withholding of some details of a study from participants (deception through omission) or the act of actively lying to them (deception through omission)

Question 6

informed consent

Answer 6

research participants’ right to learn about a research project, know its risks and benefits, and decide whether to participate

Question 7

institutional review board

Answer 7

IRB; a committee responsible for ensuring that research on humans is conducted ethically

Question 8

justice

Answer 8

an ethical principle from the Belmont Report calling for a fair balance between the kinds of people who participate in research and the kinds of people who benefit from it

Question 9

plagiarism

Answer 9

the representation of the ideas or words of others as one’s own

Question 10

respect for persons

Answer 10

an ethical principle from the Belmont Report stating that research participants should be treated as autonomous agents and that certain groups deserve special protections

Question 11

Belmont Report

Answer 11

beneficence, justice, respect for persons

Question 12

APA Ethical Principles

Answer 12

beneficence and non-maleficence, fidelity and responsibility, integrity, justice, respect for people’s rights and dignity