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Medical Terminology > Ch. 4 Cells, Tissues, and Organs > Flashcards

Ch. 4 Cells, Tissues, and Organs Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

ATP

A

The energy compound of the cell Adenosine Triphosphate

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2
Q

Carbohydrate

A

the category of organic compounds that includes sugars and starches

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3
Q

Cell

A

the basic structural and functional unit of the living organism; a microscopic unit that combines with other cells to form tissues

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4
Q

Chromosome

A

a thread-like body in a cell’s nucleus that contains genetic information

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5
Q

Cytology

A

the study of cells

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6
Q

Cytoplasm

A

the fluid that fills the cell and holds the organelles

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7
Q

DNA

A

deoxyribonucliec acid; the genetic compound of the cell

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8
Q

Enzyme

A

An organic substance that speeds the rate of metabolic reaction

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9
Q

Gene

A

A hereditary unit composed DNA and combined with other genes to form chromosomes

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10
Q

Glucose

A

a simple sugar that circulates in the blood, the main energy source for metabolism

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11
Q

Histology

A

study of tissues

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12
Q

Homeostasis

A

a steady state, a condition of internal stability and constancy

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13
Q

Lipid

A

A category of organic compound that includes fats

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14
Q

Membrane

A

a simple, very thin, and pliable sheet of tissue that might cover an organ, line a cavity, or separate structures

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15
Q

Metabolism

A

The sum of all the physical and chemical reactions that occur within an organism

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16
Q

Mitosis

A

Cell Division

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17
Q

Mucus

A

a thick fluid secreted by cells in membranes and glands that lubricates and protects tissues

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18
Q

Nucleus

A

The cells control center; directs all cellular activity

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19
Q

Organ

A

A part of the body with a specific function, a component of a body system

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20
Q

Protein

A

a category of organic compounds that include structural materials, enzymes and some hormones

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21
Q

RNA

A

Ribonucleic Acid; an organic compound involved in the manufacture of proteins within cells

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22
Q

Tissue

A

A group of cells that acts together for a specific purpose

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23
Q

morph/o

A

form

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24
Q

cyt/o, -cyte

A

cell

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25
Q

nucle/o

A

nucleus

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26
Q

kary/o

A

nucleus

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27
Q

hist/o, histi/o

A

tissue

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28
Q

fibr/o

A

fiber

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29
Q

reticul/o

A

network

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30
Q

aden/o

A

gland

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31
Q

papill/o

A

nipple

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32
Q

myx/o

A

mucus

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33
Q

muc/o

A

mucus, mucous membrane

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34
Q

somat/o, -some

A

body, small body

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35
Q

blast/o, -blast

A

immature cell, productive cell, embryonic cell

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36
Q

gen

A

origin, formation

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37
Q

phag/o

A

eat, ingest

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38
Q

phil

A

attract, absorb

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39
Q

plas

A

formation, molding, development

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40
Q

trop

A

act on, affect

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41
Q

troph/o

A

feeding, growth, nourishment

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42
Q

-ase

A

enzyme

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43
Q

-ose

A

sugar

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44
Q

hydr/o

A

water

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45
Q

gluc/o

A

glucose

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46
Q

sacchar/o

A

sugar

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47
Q

amyl/o

A

starch

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48
Q

lip/o

A

lipid, fat

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49
Q

adip/o

A

fat

50
Q

steat/o

A

fatty

51
Q

prote/o

A

protein

52
Q

amino acids

A

the nitrogen-containing compounds that make up proteins

53
Q

anabolism

A

the type of protein in which body substances are make; the building phase of metabolism

54
Q

catabolism

A

the type of metabolism in which substances are broken down for energy and simple compounds

55
Q

Collagen

A

a fibrous protein found in connective tissue

56
Q

Cortex

A

the outer region of an organ

57
Q

Glycogen

A

A complex sugar compound stored in the liver and muscles and broken down into glucose when needed for energy

58
Q

Medulla

A

the inner region of an organ, marrow

59
Q

Parenchyma

A

the functional tissue of an organ

60
Q

visceral

A

pertaining to internal organs, describes a membrane on the surface of an organ

61
Q

Reversed

The energy compound of the cell Adenosine Triphosphate

A

ATP

62
Q

Reversed

the category of organic compounds that includes sugars and starches

A

Carbohydrate

63
Q

Reversed

the basic structural and functional unit of the living organism; a microscopic unit that combines with other cells to form tissues

A

Cell

64
Q

Reversed

a thread-like body in a cell’s nucleus that contains genetic information

A

Chromosome

65
Q

Reversed

the study of cells

A

Cytology

66
Q

Reversed

the fluid that fills the cell and holds the organelles

A

Cytoplasm

67
Q

Reversed

deoxyribonucliec acid; the genetic compound of the cell

A

DNA

68
Q

Reversed

An organic substance that speeds the rate of metabolic reaction

A

Enzyme

69
Q

Reversed

A hereditary unit composed DNA and combined with other genes to form chromosomes

A

Gene

70
Q

Reversed

a simple sugar that circulates in the blood, the main energy source for metabolism

A

Glucose

71
Q

Reversed

study of tissues

A

Histology

72
Q

Reversed

a steady state, a condition of internal stability and constancy

A

Homeostasis

73
Q

Reversed

A category of organic compound that includes fats

A

Lipid

74
Q

Reversed

a simple, very thin, and pliable sheet of tissue that might cover an organ, line a cavity, or separate structures

A

Membrane

75
Q

Reversed

The sum of all the physical and chemical reactions that occur within an organism

A

Metabolism

76
Q

Reversed

Cell Division

A

Mitosis

77
Q

Reversed

a thick fluid secreted by cells in membranes and glands that lubricates and protects tissues

A

Mucus

78
Q

Reversed

The cells control center; directs all cellular activity

A

Nucleus

79
Q

Reversed

A part of the body with a specific function, a component of a body system

A

Organ

80
Q

Reversed

a category of organic compounds that include structural materials, enzymes and some hormones

A

Protein

81
Q

Reversed

Ribonucleic Acid; an organic compound involved in the manufacture of proteins within cells

A

RNA

82
Q

Reversed

A group of cells that acts together for a specific purpose

A

Tissue

83
Q

Reversed

form

A

morph/o

84
Q

Reversed

cell

A

cyt/o, -cyte

85
Q

Reversed

nucleus

A

nucle/o

86
Q

Reversed

nucleus

A

kary/o

87
Q

Reversed

tissue

A

hist/o, histi/o

88
Q

Reversed

fiber

A

fibr/o

89
Q

Reversed

network

A

reticul/o

90
Q

Reversed

gland

A

aden/o

91
Q

Reversed

nipple

A

papill/o

92
Q

Reversed

mucus

A

myx/o

93
Q

Reversed

mucus, mucous membrane

A

muc/o

94
Q

Reversed

body, small body

A

somat/o, -some

95
Q

Reversed

immature cell, productive cell, embryonic cell

A

blast/o, -blast

96
Q

Reversed

origin, formation

A

gen

97
Q

Reversed

eat, ingest

A

phag/o

98
Q

Reversed

attract, absorb

A

phil

99
Q

Reversed

formation, molding, development

A

plas

100
Q

Reversed

act on, affect

A

trop

101
Q

Reversed

feeding, growth, nourishment

A

troph/o

102
Q

Reversed

enzyme

A

-ase

103
Q

Reversed

sugar

A

-ose

104
Q

Reversed

water

A

hydr/o

105
Q

Reversed

glucose

A

gluc/o

106
Q

Reversed

sugar

A

sacchar/o

107
Q

Reversed

starch

A

amyl/o

108
Q

Reversed

lipid, fat

A

lip/o

109
Q

Reversed

fat

A

adip/o

110
Q

Reversed

fatty

A

steat/o

111
Q

Reversed

protein

A

prote/o

112
Q

Reversed

the nitrogen-containing compounds that make up proteins

A

amino acids

113
Q

Reversed

the type of protein in which body substances are make; the building phase of metabolism

A

anabolism

114
Q

Reversed

the type of metabolism in which substances are broken down for energy and simple compounds

A

catabolism

115
Q

Reversed

a fibrous protein found in connective tissue

A

Collagen

116
Q

Reversed

the outer region of an organ

A

Cortex

117
Q

Reversed

A complex sugar compound stored in the liver and muscles and broken down into glucose when needed for energy

A

Glycogen

118
Q

Reversed

the inner region of an organ, marrow

A

Medulla

119
Q

Reversed

the functional tissue of an organ

A

Parenchyma

120
Q

Reversed

pertaining to internal organs, describes a membrane on the surface of an organ

A

visceral

Medical Terminology (9 decks)

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