ch 4 - appendicular Flashcards
appendicular skeleton
upper
- pectoral: clavical + scapula
- humerus
- radius + ulna
- carpal bones (8) + bones of hand (metacarpal)
Lower
- pelvis: pubis, ilium, ischium
- femur
- tibia + fibula
- tarsal bones (7) + bones of foot (metatarsals)
pectoral girdle
(Shoulder girdle)
Scapula + clavicle
Sternum is where the Pectoral girdle attaches to the Axial skeleton
Scapular is a floating bone on the ribcage
Only connecting point between the upper limb and the axial skeleton is on the Sternoclavicular Joint
sternoclavicular joint
Disc in this joint, these fibrocartilage take a lot of force and compression which is pressure in the
There is a lot of force on the upper or lower extremeties which goes ultimately to the sternoclavicular joint, we have a disc there.
In between the clavicle is the interclavicular ligament (the green highlighted thing)
Costal clavicular ligament
right clavicle
Collar bone is most broken bone
Has a square end and a flat end like a beavers tail
Acromial end which reaches out the acromial process on the scapular, this is very flat
The Sternal end has a square end which forms a joint with the manubrium
Underside has bumbs and groves on it, which would show it is the right clavicle because the square end (sternal end) would attach to the manubrium.
Conoid Tubercle is at the bottom
Costoclavicular ligament
vascular orientation
Subclavicular space
Space where there are many vessels and nerves
Broken clavicle could pierce the vessel
Broken clavicle could sever the nerve and hinder ability to move all upper limbs
broken collar bone
most frequently broken bone
usually fractures at lateral (distal) third
Bone wont protrude through the skin
The broken bone should be stabilized so it does not damage structures
Ligaments located medially anchor clavicle to the axial skeleton
scapula - coracoid process
Sticks out from the body of the bone and turns to the side
Attachment for ligaments and muscle
No bone attachments
scapula - acromion process
Acromial end of the clavicle articulates with the acromion
Spine is the bridge that runs to the acromion process
scapula - infraglenoid tubercle
Infra meaning below, there is also a tubercle above the glenoid process called the Supraglenoid tubercle
Separates 2 spinous fossa
scapula - supraspinous fossa
Medial border (left) lateral border (on the right)
scapula - inferior angle
Medial border and lateral border meet
humurus distal
Anterior view has a spool of thread
Posterior has a large impression
Medial Epicondyle
- When you bang the bone the ulna nerve is hit, which is the funny bone
Hourglass on the anterior is called the trochlea which articulates with the Ulna
Coronoid Fossa
- Small fossa located just about the trochlea
Just above the capitulum is the Radial Fossa
- The head of the radius fits into the radial fossa when the elbow is flexed
ulna and radius
Proximal end of the Ulna is large and smaller towards the distal end.
Proximal end of the Radius is small compared to the distal end.
Bicipital Tuberosity
- Where bicep attaches
Ulnar Tuberosity
- Located just down from the head of ulna, is an attachment for muscle underneath the bicep
Styloid process of radius
- An extension
Ulna is always Medial
radial and ulnar details
Olecranon
- Creates the c shape on the Ulna bone
Coronoid Process
Interosseous Membrane
- Keeps the radius and ulnar together
Proximal radial ulnar joint and Distal radial ulnar joint
Ulnar notch is located on the distal radius
supination + pronation
Supinate
- Holding a cup of soup
- hand up
pronation
- hand facing down
right wrist and hand (palmer)
Thumb is lateral and pinky is the medial (towards the core of the body) when in supine position
We have 14 Phalanges
Digits 2 to 5, there are 3 phalanges in each
Each phalanx have a head body and base
Thumb is missing a middle phalanx
Metacarpels are named after the digits they support
8 carpal bones
Small short bones which allow a lot of movement with out fingers and our hands
All of these make up the wrist
Lateral to Medial, Proximal to Distal
Scaphoid
- Most frequently boken wrist bone
Lunate
Pisiform
- Cannot see it from the dorsal side because it is above the Triquetral bone
Hamate
- Hook like process, only seen from the Palmer view.
pelvis girdle
Acetabulum
- Where the femur fits, stronger than the shoulder joint
ASIS and the Pubic Tubercle
- Serve as an attachemtn for Inguinal ligament
Pubic Symphysis
Obturator Foramen
Rami of pubis
- Groin muscles attach here
Pubic Arch
- More narrow for males
- Much wider for females
head of femur
Head is directed off the shaft of the bone at a 90 degree angle
distal femur
Anterior side of the femur is very smooth
Posterior side is very rough
Head of the femur comes off at a right angle, and must move medial.
Gluteal tuberosity
- Where the gluteus maximus attaches
Ridge is called the Linea Aspera
- Attachment for the groin muscles
Adductor Tubercle
- Sticks out on the medial side
Condyles
- Posterior side
Distal Femur and Proximal Tibia/Fibula
Condyles and Epicondyles sit on top of the tibia
Similar to the forearm region, the lower leg the Tibia is always medial (much larger of the 2 bones)
Patella is embedded in the quadriceps tendon (allows you to extend your legs) protects the anterior knee
Epicondiles are next to the patella
Patella surface where it glides is the Condyle
Fibula is the bone that accompanies the tibia
- Different than the radius in the arm, it contributes to the elbow joint
- Fibula does not contribute to the knee joint, it does not cross over it is always lateral
Tibial Tuberosity
- Point where quadricep tendon attaches to
tibia and fibula
Fibula bares little weight
Tibia articulates with the femur
Fibula does not articulate with the knee joint, stabilizes lateral ankle joints
Condyles of the femur sit on top of the Tibial Plateau
On the Tibial Plateau is the Intercondylar eminence (in between the condyles)
- Keeps the condyles on top the of tibial plateau
Head and neck of fibula is important for muscular attachment
Medial malleolus is the tibia
Lateral malleolus is the distal fibula
These bones together saddle around the tarsal (ankle bones)
distal shank n ankle
Talus articulates with lateral malleolus and medial malleolus
Calcaneous
bones of ankle and foot
Thumb is similar to great toe, which only has 2 phalanges
Smooth appearance due to hyaline cartilage
lateral and medial foot
Lateral view
- Cuboid
- Medial to cuboid are Medial Cuneiform, , Intermediate Cuneiform, and Lateral Cuneiform
- Navicular bone is anterior to the Talus
Sustentaculum tali is called the Talum shelf
- Underneath this is a passage way for tendons to attach to digits
- Tendons come from calf muscles
arches
Feet distributes the weight and gives us more balance
Arches create passageway which bears the weight which is distributed out
Medial Longitudinal Arch
Lateral Longitudinal Arch
Transverse Arch
Ligaments and muscles support these arches
- Creates a dome shape due to ankle and anterior portion of foor and the lateral arch
