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Mental health > Ch 4 > Flashcards

Ch 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Psychotropic illness

A

Alteration of neurotransmitters

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2
Q

Goals of psychiatric mental health

A

Understand biological basis of normal and abnormal brain functions

Apply understanding go care of individuals treated with psychotropic drugs

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3
Q

Functions of brain

A 
Homeostasis
ANS and hormones
Biological drives and behavior
Cycle of sleep and wakefulness
Circadian rhythms 
Conscious mental activity
Memory
Social skills
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4
Q

Positron-emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)

A

Perceptual, cognitive, emotional, behavioral functions

Evidence of metabolic changes in unmedicated individuals with depression, schizo, OCD

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5
Q

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

A

Cognitive function

Effects of psychotropic medications

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6
Q

Neurotransmission

A

Feature of neurons and ability to initiate signals

Conduct electrical impulses

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7
Q

Dopamine

A

Decrease: Parkinson’s, depression

Increase: schizo, mania

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8
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Decrease: depression

Increase:anxiety states

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9
Q

Serotonin

A

Decrease: depression

Increase: anxiety

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10
Q

Histamine

A

High levels associated with anxiety and depression

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11
Q

Gamma-Amino butyric acid (GABA)

A

Decrease: anxiety, schizo, mania, Huntington chorea

Increase: reduction of anxiety, schizo, mania

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12
Q

Glutamate

A

Major mediator of excitatory signals in CNS

Cognition, memory, learning

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13
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Decrease: Alzheimer’s, Huntington chores, Parkinson’s

Increase: depression

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14
Q

Neurotransmitters (Peptides-Neuromodulators)

A

Substance P

Somatostatin

Neurotensin

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15
Q

Substance P

A

Regulation of mood and anxiety

Pain management

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16
Q

Somatostatin

A

Decrease: Alzheimer’s

Increase:Huntington’s

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17
Q

Neurotensin

A

Decrease levels in spinal fluid of patients with schizo

18
Q

Psychotropic drugs

A 
Anti anxiety hypnotics 
Antidepressant
Mood stabilizers
Anti-convulsants
Anti-psychotics
ADHD Agents
Alzheimer agents
Herbal treatments
19
Q

Monoamines

A

Organic

Catecholamines (norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine)

Indolamines (serotonin)

20
Q

Monoamine oxidase (MAO)

A

Enzyme destroys monoamines

21
Q

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) action

A

Increase concentration of monoamines by inhibiting action of MAO

22
Q

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) drugs

A

phenelzine (Nardil)

tranylcypromineb(Parnate)

EMSAM transdermal

23
Q

Hypertensive crisis

A

Tyramine ingested in OTC meds, beer, wine, aged cheese, organ meats, avocados

No tyramine 2 weeks after stopping MAOIs

24
Q

Pharmocokinetic

A

Effects of drugs on plasma concentrations

25
Q

Pharmacodynamic

A

Combined effects of drugs

26
Q

Norepinephrine dopamine reuptake inhibitors (NDRIs):

bupropion (Wellbutrin)

A

Do not act on serotonin system

Inhibit nicotine acetylcholine receptors to reduce addictive effects

27
Q

Serotonin antagonists reuptake inhibitors (SARIs):

Trazadone (Desyrel)

A

Not first choice

Useful for insomnia

Can cause priapism

28
Q

Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (NRIs):

Atomoxetine (strattera)

A

ADHD when stimulants not tolerated

Not significant to antidepressant benefits

29
Q

Anti anxiety

A

Diazepam (Valium)
Clonazepam (klonopin)
Alprazolam (Xanax)

30
Q

Insomnia

A

Flurazepam (dalmane)

Triazolam (Halcoin)

31
Q

Benzodiazepines

A

Promote activity of GABA by binding to specific receptor of GABAa

32
Q

buspirone (Buspar)

A

Anxiolytics with less potential for dependence

33
Q

Z-hypnotics action

A

Nonbenzo

Short acting

Sedative and hypnotic sleep agent

34
Q

Z-hypnotics drugs

A

Zolpidem (ambien)
Zaleplon (sonata)
Eszopiclone (lunesta)

35
Q

Melatonin receptor agonist

A

Ramelteon (rozerem)

Acts similar to melatonin

Helps regulate circadian rhythms

36
Q

Mood stabilizers drugs

A

Lithium (eskalith, lithobid)

37
Q

Lithium (eskalith, lithobid)

A

Stabilize depression and mania (bipolar disorder)

Narrows therapeutic index

Potential for toxicity

Toxic Effects: tremor, ataxia, confusion, convulsions, N/V

38
Q

Anticonvulsant mood stabilizers

A

Valproate (depakote/ depakene)

Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

Iamotrogine ( lamictal)

39
Q

Valproate (depakote/ depakene)

A

Very effective in managing impulsive aggression

40
Q

Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

A

Acute mania

41
Q

Iamotrogine ( lamictal)

A

Maintenance therapy

Watch for rash (Stevens Johnson’s )

42
Q

Off-label mood stabilizers

A

Oxcarbazepine (trileptal)

Gabapentin (neurotin)

Topiramate (topamax)

Mental health (7 decks)

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