Ch 4-3 Cell Organelles Flashcards
What does the nucleus of a cell contain?
the cell’s DNA which controls the cell’s activities
What from is DNA in when the cell is not dividing?
the relaxed form called chromatin
What happens to the DNA when the cell is about to divide?
the DNA condenses to form chromosomes
What is the nuclear envelope?
a double layer of plasma membrane that surrounds the nucleus
What are the nuclear pores?
the openings in the nuclear envelope
What is the nucleolus?
a dense area of concentrated DNA found in most cells. the nucleolus makes ribosomes
What does mitochondria do?
it converts organic compounds of glucose into smaller units of energy called ATP
How is ATP used by the cell?
the cell uses it to do any and all processes that require energy
What are ribosomes?
small spherical organelles that are responsible for building polypeptide chains
Where are ribosomes located in the cell?
some are free within the cytoplasm while others are attached to the rough ER
What is the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
a system of tubes and sacs that function as a path along which molecules move from one part of the cell to another
What are the two types of ER
rough and smooth
What is rough ER?
rough ER has ribosomes on its surface and produces phospholipids and proteins
What happens to the ribosomes rough ER makes?
they exported from the cell of inserted into the cell membrane
What does the smooth ER do?
builds lipids and helps to detoxify the body of toxins
What is the Golgi Apparatus?
a system of flattened membranous sacs that process and package proteins to be transported outside the cell
What are vesicles?
small membrane bound sacs that contain materials to be taken into or removed from the cell for transported within the cell
What are the two types of vesicles?
lysosomes and peroxisomes
What do lysosomes contain and break down?
they contain digestive enzymes and break down old cell parts for recycling and disposal
What do peroxisomes do?
they break down alcohol and fatty acids
What is the cytoskeleton?
a network of protein filaments and tubes in the cytoplasm that play a role in cell movement, shape, and division
What does the cytoskeleton include?
microtubules and microfilaments, cilia and flagella, and centrioles
What is the difference between microtubules and microfilaments?
microtubules are thicker than microfilaments
What are microtubules and microfilaments both involved in?
cell structure
What are cilia and flagella?
hair-like structures that extend from the surface of the cell where they aid in cell movement
What are centrioles?
two short cylinders of microtubules that are involved in cell division, only found in animal cells
What structures are unique to plant cells?
cell walls, chloroplasts, and a central vacuole
What is a cell wall made of and what does it provide?
it is made of the carbohydrate cellulose and provides support and protection
What do large central vacuoles store and provide?
they store water, enzymes, and waste products and provide support for plant tissue
What do chloroplasts use light energy, carbon dioxide, and water for?
to make chemical energy in the form of carbohydrates (glucose) by the process of photosynthesis
