Ch 4-3 Cell Organelles Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the nucleus of a cell contain?

A

the cell’s DNA which controls the cell’s activities

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2
Q

What from is DNA in when the cell is not dividing?

A

the relaxed form called chromatin

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3
Q

What happens to the DNA when the cell is about to divide?

A

the DNA condenses to form chromosomes

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4
Q

What is the nuclear envelope?

A

a double layer of plasma membrane that surrounds the nucleus

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5
Q

What are the nuclear pores?

A

the openings in the nuclear envelope

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6
Q

What is the nucleolus?

A

a dense area of concentrated DNA found in most cells. the nucleolus makes ribosomes

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7
Q

What does mitochondria do?

A

it converts organic compounds of glucose into smaller units of energy called ATP

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8
Q

How is ATP used by the cell?

A

the cell uses it to do any and all processes that require energy

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9
Q

What are ribosomes?

A

small spherical organelles that are responsible for building polypeptide chains

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10
Q

Where are ribosomes located in the cell?

A

some are free within the cytoplasm while others are attached to the rough ER

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11
Q

What is the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

A

a system of tubes and sacs that function as a path along which molecules move from one part of the cell to another

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12
Q

What are the two types of ER

A

rough and smooth

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13
Q

What is rough ER?

A

rough ER has ribosomes on its surface and produces phospholipids and proteins

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14
Q

What happens to the ribosomes rough ER makes?

A

they exported from the cell of inserted into the cell membrane

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15
Q

What does the smooth ER do?

A

builds lipids and helps to detoxify the body of toxins

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16
Q

What is the Golgi Apparatus?

A

a system of flattened membranous sacs that process and package proteins to be transported outside the cell

17
Q

What are vesicles?

A

small membrane bound sacs that contain materials to be taken into or removed from the cell for transported within the cell

18
Q

What are the two types of vesicles?

A

lysosomes and peroxisomes

19
Q

What do lysosomes contain and break down?

A

they contain digestive enzymes and break down old cell parts for recycling and disposal

20
Q

What do peroxisomes do?

A

they break down alcohol and fatty acids

21
Q

What is the cytoskeleton?

A

a network of protein filaments and tubes in the cytoplasm that play a role in cell movement, shape, and division

22
Q

What does the cytoskeleton include?

A

microtubules and microfilaments, cilia and flagella, and centrioles

23
Q

What is the difference between microtubules and microfilaments?

A

microtubules are thicker than microfilaments

24
Q

What are microtubules and microfilaments both involved in?

A

cell structure

25
Q

What are cilia and flagella?

A

hair-like structures that extend from the surface of the cell where they aid in cell movement

26
Q

What are centrioles?

A

two short cylinders of microtubules that are involved in cell division, only found in animal cells

27
Q

What structures are unique to plant cells?

A

cell walls, chloroplasts, and a central vacuole

28
Q

What is a cell wall made of and what does it provide?

A

it is made of the carbohydrate cellulose and provides support and protection

29
Q

What do large central vacuoles store and provide?

A

they store water, enzymes, and waste products and provide support for plant tissue

30
Q

What do chloroplasts use light energy, carbon dioxide, and water for?

A

to make chemical energy in the form of carbohydrates (glucose) by the process of photosynthesis