Cellular Respiration pt 1 Flashcards
What do all living things do with energy?
obtain and use it
How do they obtain energy?
eating organic molecules or making organic molecules by photosynthesis
How do they use energy?
aerobic cellular respiration that requires oxygen or anaerobic cellular respiration that does not require oxygen
In simple terms, how would you describe the process of cellular respiration?
it is the process by which all cells break the chemical bonds found between the atoms of organic compounds and produce ATP (cellular energy)
How are the reactions of photosynthesis and cellular respiration different?
photosynthesis - energy stored
cellular respiration - energy released
What is the formula of cellular respiration?
6O2 + C6H12O6 yields 6CO2 + 6H20 + ATP
How do cells make ATP?
they use the chemical energy stored in food to attach a phosphate group to ADP
Energy + ADP + P yields ATP
What do cells have to do when the want to use the energy?
they break the bond holding the last phosphate group of the ATP molecule, and energy is released
Why would cells need the energy released?
its needed to do work for the cell
What are the two stages of cellular respiration?
glycolysis and aerobic respiration
Where does glycolysis occur?
in the cytosol of the cell
What molecules are needed to start the glycolysis?
two ATPs and one glucose
What does glucose produce after it undergoes its chemical reactions?
two pyruvic acids and four ATPs
2ATP + 1 glucose yields 2 pyretic acids + 4ATP
What is the net gain of ATP after glycolysis?
two
What is NAD+ changed into in glycolysis?
NADH, the high energy form
Next, where would the NADH and pyruvic acids go if oxygen was present ?
into the mitochondria for aerobic respiration
Where would they go if oxygen was absent?
they would remain in the cytosol and undergo anaerobic respiration called fermentation
Where does aerobic respiration occur?
in the mitochondrial matrix
What is produced in the Kreb’s cycle?
2 ATPs, more high energy NADH, and the waste product C02
Where does the NADH from glycolysis donate its high energy electrons?
to the folded inner mitochondrial membrane called the cristae
What happens to NADH after it has donated its high energy electrons?
it becomes NAD+ again and is recycled back into the cytosol to be used again in glycolysis
How do the high energy electrons from NADH travel through the cell?
along the cristae through a series of proteins in what is called the electron transport chain
How is ATP made in the Kreb’s cycle?
When the electrons are passed from one protein to the next, they give up a bit of energy which is used to create ATP
How many ATPs are produced at the end?
32-34
How is H20 produced?
when the electrons have given up all the energy brought from glycolysis and Kreb’s, they, along with H+ ions attach to an oxygen to form H20.
Why do we have to breath oxygen?
the oxygen serves as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain
