CH 4

Question 1

What is pharmacokinetics?

Answer 1

Movement of drugs in the body

Question 2

What are the 4 steps drugs can move? Explain each.

Answer 2

absorption(entering body) , distribution (circulation to tissues), metabolism (chemical alter drug into metabolites), excretion (leaving body)

Question 3

What are the 4 ways in physiological drug movement?

Answer 3

Passive diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport, pinocytosis/phagocytisis

Question 4

What 4 things can affect drug absorption?

Answer 4

Drug factors: solubility, molecule size, amount given, drug form, pH/charge, ion trapping​

Patient factors: animal age, health status, underlying disease

Question 5

What is ion trapping?

Answer 5

A condition in which a drug molecule changes from its ionized (charged) form to the nonionized (uncharged) form as it moves from one body compartment to another body compartment

Question 5

What is drug distribution, and what 4 factors can affect it?

Answer 5

Physiological movement of drugs from the systemic circulation to the tissues

Membrane permeability, tissue perfusion, protein binding, volume distribution

Question 5

What determines the ionization of a drug?

Answer 5

Depends on the pH of the liquid in which it is immersed & the pH of the drug; neutral pH is 7

Question 6

What is biotransformation, and where does it mainly occur?

Answer 6

The chemical alteration of drug molecules into metabolites (activated form, inactivated form, or toxic form) by the body cells of animals; also called metabolism
Mainly occurs in liver

Question 7

What is drug tolerance?

Answer 7

decrease response to drug resulting form repeated use

Question 8

Where does elimination primarily occur? What are some other routes?

Answer 8

Kidney + liver
others are sweat, milk, saliva

Question 9

Explain how most drugs work.

Answer 9

Drugs can be lipophilic (fat loving) or hydrophilic (water loving). Drug action, or how well they work is measured in relation to the state of the animal before the drug was given.

For example: An animal is painful and showing signs of pain and discomfort. Hydro, and opioid is given. After the drug takes effect, the animal is no longer showing signs of discomfort or pain. So, the drug action was ideal, or successful in this case

Question 10

What do agonist and antagonist mean?

Answer 10

Antagonist - Drug that binds to a cell receptor & prevents the receptor from working

Agonist- A drug that binds to a cell receptor & stimulates a response characteristic of that receptor