CH 3 Flashcards
What should be included in a drug order?
Date & time, drug name, dosage & dose, route, frequency & duration, signature of prescriber
Name and explain the 6 rights of safe drug use.
Right drug, dose, time, route & technique, patient, documentation
What does therapeutic range mean?
Amount of drug concentration in body produce desired effect in animal with minimal to no signs of toxicity
What is the difference between a dose and a dosage?
Dose- amount of drug administered at one time to achieve desired affect
Dosage- amount of drug per animal BW
What 3 factors are involved in keeping a drug concentration within the therapeutic range?
route of administration, drug dose, dosage interval
What needle size is smaller – 14g or 20g?
20g
What special precautions should you take when aspirating from an ampule?
Be careful of top when broken not to cut or spill medication
Explain how you would reconstitute a vaccine.
Inject air + withdraw drug, cover needle
wipe top of medication with alcohol + inject diluent
Mix gently
withdraw medication now remove any trapped bubbles
discard properly
Name 3 common routes of administration – for each, give 1 advantage and 1 disadvantage.
IV - Fastest
Can miss vein
SQ- Can give large amounts
slower onset than IM
IM- Rapid absorption , slower than IV
May hurt
Define solution, suspension and emulsion
Solution - clear liquid containing one or more solubles and one or more solvents
Suspension - liquid containing solid drug particles suspended in suitable mediums
Emulsion- mixture of 2 immiscible liquids one dispersed through other in small droplets
Explain the difference between bolus, intermittent IV therapy and continuous infusion.
Bolus- injecting concentrated drug in small amount of fluid
Intermittent IV therapy - diluting drug dose in small amount of fluid + giving it over 30-60 mins multiple times a day. (Indwelling catheter)
Continuous Infusion - large volume of fluid continuously over extended period of time
What does depot preparation mean?
used for long acting effects reduce need of frequent dosing- common in large animals
If a drug is to be inhaled, what must be done to it?
Must be volatized/ turned to gas
What does transdermal mean? Give an example of a drug delivered by this route.
Drugs delivered through a patch on the skin. Examples: fentanyl patch, nitroglycerin
What does loading dose mean? Why might this be done?
Initial dose of a drug given to get the drug concentration into the therapeutic range in a very short period of time. Accomplished by giving a large amount of drug initially
Name the 4 parts of a dosage regimen. Give an example.
Dosage interval, dosage, administration route & duration of treatment
Ex: Amoxil 10mg/kg BID PO x 7 days
Name some precautions you should take to ensure safety and efficacy when administering drugs.
Use proper dosage, frequency & duration for each drug prescribed, avoid combo drug treatment where possible, use less toxic drugs when available, be aware of hazards & precautions, use high quality of drugs, check expiry dates/handling requirements, mix well
What can be done if a drug toxicity does occur?
Removal of offending drug (i.e. if topical bathe), enhance drug removal by the animal (i.e. induce vomiting/place on fluids), counteract with antidote when available (i.e. naloxone), provide symptomatic & nursing care until toxicity signs resolved
