ch 4 01 anatomy of respiratory system

Question 1

where are the boundaries of the upper airway

Answer 1

tip of nose to true vocal cords

Question 2

where does the upper airway begin and end

Answer 2

tip of nose to true vocal cords

Question 3

where does the lower airway begin

Answer 3

vocal cords to alveoli

Question 4

what are the 6 functions of the upper airway

Answer 4

warms, humidifies, filters, conduction, smell phonation

Question 5

what is the function of the nose hairs

Answer 5

filter

Question 6

what is the function of the sebum in the nose

Answer 6

to keep nasal hairs from becoming stiff

Question 7

where is the olfactory region located

Answer 7

above all the conchae - it holds olfactory epithelium

Question 8

what is the function of the turbinates or concha

Answer 8

creates turbulence and surface area to humidify

Question 9

whats the importance of the surface area to the concha

Answer 9

provides moisture, mucus, traps debris and acts as a humidifier

Question 10

how large of a surface are is the respiratory area in the upper airway

Answer 10

160 cm2

Question 11

why is it necessary for the air to be so turbulent in the respiratory region

Answer 11

aids in exchange of heat and moisture and filtering

Question 12

how many mL of water per day can the respiratory region of the nose deliver to dry gas every day

Answer 12

650-1000mL H2O and RH - 80%

Question 13

what region of the nose is lined with cilia

Answer 13

epithelial cells

Question 14

what region of the nose is not lined with cilia

Answer 14

vestibule

Question 15

what are the components of the mucociliary escalator

Answer 15

gel and sol layers and ciliary epithelium

Question 16

describe the causes and effect b/w a nasogastric tube, endotracheal tube, and inner ear infection

Answer 16

causes ear infections bc it plugs the eustachian tube

Question 17

importance of nasal sinuses

Answer 17

keeps head light, helps with voice resonance, helps you breath through your nose,

Question 18

how much airway restistance comes from breathing through your nose

Answer 18

1/2 to 1/3

Question 19

when ppl get short of breath why do they begin breathing through the mouth

Answer 19

to by pass airway resistance in the nose

Question 20

reflux at back of tongue

Answer 20

vagul gag reflux

Question 21

what structural/anatomical features of the nose cause so much airway resistance

Answer 21

conchae, vestibules

Question 22

3 division of the pharynx

Answer 22

oral, nasal, laryngopharynx

Question 23

what pharyngeal region contains the eustachian tubes

Answer 23

nasopharynx

Question 24

functions of nasopharynx

Answer 24

allows pressure changes in ears, filters air, contains tonsils

Question 25

functions of oropharynx

Answer 25

tonsils, conducts gas flow from nose, food/fluid filtration, pharyngeal reflex to prevent aspiration

Question 26

functions of laryngopharnx

Answer 26

division of esophagus and larynx, conducts gas flow, fluid and food in proper channels, protective reflexes, connects upper/lower airways

Question 27

functions of larynx

Answer 27

gas conduction, speaking, sphincter/glottic reaction, coughing

Question 28

how does the larynx function during coughing

Answer 28

controls closing the glottis

Question 29

what is the function of the epiglottis

Answer 29

to protect the airway

Question 30

what is the importance of cricoidthyroid ligament during airway emergencies

Answer 30

used when a totally obstructed airway occurs

Question 31

where is the cricoid cartilage in relation to the thyroid cartilage

Answer 31

below the thyroid cartliage

Question 32

what is the name b/w the vocal cords

Answer 32

rima glottis

Question 33

which direction do the vocal cords move during inhalation

Answer 33

widen out - abduct

Question 34

which direction do the vocal cords move during exhlation

Answer 34

close up - aduct

Question 35

what are the 3 paired cartilages

Answer 35

arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform

Question 36

what is the function of the 3 paired cartilages

Answer 36

move true vocal cords and open and close the glottis

Question 37

how does the epiglottis move with other anatomical structures during swallowing

Answer 37

squeezed b/w the base of the tongue and thyroid cartilages to keep the airway clear

Question 38

cavity of the larynx that includes the true vocal cords is the

Answer 38

middle

Question 39

average transverse diameter of the male glottis

Answer 39

9-10 mm

Question 40

average transverse diameter of the female glottis

Answer 40

7-8 mm

Question 41

how does glottis opening relate to intubation

Answer 41

glottis opening varies with what the vocal cords are doing breathing/talking etc

Question 42

what parts of the larynx must work together in a coordinating fashion to seal the larynx shut

Answer 42

epiglottis, ventricular folds, and vocal folds to seal laryngeal inlet

Question 43

what is the function of the tracheobronchial tree

Answer 43

let fresh air reach the alveoli its the piping mechanism of the lung

Question 44

why is the tracheobronchial tree considered anatomical dead space

Answer 44

if air is in the trachea it isn’t meeting the alveoli so it is considered dead space

Question 45

what is the importance of tracheal cartilage

Answer 45

to keep airway open

Question 46

what would happen to the trachea if the cartilage was absent

Answer 46

without cartilage, pressure would cause it to collapse during inhalation and bulge during exhalation

Question 47

what are the dimensions of the average trachea

Answer 47

10-13 cm in length

2-2.5 cm diameter

Question 48

what cervical vertebrae can be used on the chest x-ray to locate the carina

Answer 48

T5