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Peds/OB Nrsg 112 > Ch. 38-40 Quiz > Flashcards

Ch. 38-40 Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

What type of play reproduces adult behavior and when does it occur?

A

Imitative play occurs toward the end of the preschool years

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2
Q

How do children change physically during the preschool years?

A

More vertical growth, increase in muscle strength, agility, and fine motor skills

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3
Q

What cognitive stage are preschoolers in?

A

Still preoperational phase, with increased verbal skills

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4
Q

What is the average weight gain for preschoolers?

A

5 pounds per year

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5
Q

What is the average height gain for a preschooler?

A

2.5-3 inches per year

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6
Q

According to Erikson, what develops during the preschool years?

A

Superego/conscience. Sense of right and wrong

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7
Q

What is the chief psychosocial task of preschoolers?

A

Developing a sense of initiative

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8
Q

Preschoolers are ready for school at about what age?

A

5-6 years old

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9
Q

What stage of moral development does Kohlberg say preschoolers are in?

A

Preconventional or premoral

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10
Q

What type of thinking is often used?

A

Magical thinking

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11
Q

What changes in body image occur during the preschool years?

A

Racial identity, biases, differences in appearance, poorly defined body boundaries (skin broken = blood leaking out)

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12
Q

What are some sexuality changes going on in the preschooler?

A

Form strong attachment to parent of opposite sex, modesty, dress-up, sexual exploration, questions

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13
Q

What social process is completed in the preschooler?

A

Separation/individuation

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14
Q

Do preschoolers engage in associative play? What is it?

A

Yes. Playing together with no organization or rules

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15
Q

What is the difference between night terrors and nightmares?

A

In terrors the child is only partially awakened from non-dream sleep. Nightmares involve full waking

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16
Q

If you are trying to destroy or impair a child’s self-esteem it is considered _____ abuse.

A

Emotional

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17
Q

Fabricating an illness to harm a child is called what?

A

Munchausen by proxy syndrome

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18
Q

Ascribing lifelike qualities to inanimate objects is called _____.

A

Animism

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19
Q

Failure to meet a child’s need for affection, attention, and emotional nurturance is called _____.

A

Emotional neglect

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20
Q

What kinds of play do preschoolers engage in?

A

Associative, imitative, imaginative, dramatic

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21
Q

What fears do preschoolers often have?

A

Dark, alone, animals, ghosts, sexual matters, anything associated with pain

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22
Q

How much sleep does a preschooler need?

A

11 hours (book says 12 hours)

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23
Q

What do you call behavior that attempts to hurt others or destroy property?

A

Aggression

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24
Q

What tool is used for speech screening?

A

Denver articulation screening

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25
Q

What speech problems are common in preschoolers?

A

Stuttering/stammering and dysfluency

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26
Q

What is dyslalia?

A

An articulation problem caused by pressuring them to produce sounds ahead of their level

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27
Q

How do preschoolers understand, adjust to work out life’s experiences?

A

Through play

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28
Q

The deprivation of necessities is called _____.

A

Physical neglect

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29
Q

What psychosocial development in a preschoolers life brings/provides a feeling of accomplishment in his activities?

A

A sense of initiative. (initiative vs. guilt)

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30
Q

How would you describe the average preschoolers frame?

A

Slender but sturdy

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31
Q

What moral/spiritual sense do preschoolers develop?

A

A concrete sense of justice

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32
Q

Can most preschoolers independently brush and floss their teeth?

A

No

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33
Q

What age group primarily gets varicella?

A

Under 15

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34
Q

Erythema infectiosum. Also called _____ _____, is characterized by _____.

A

Fifth disease. Rash in three stages

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35
Q

What pathogen causes Fifth disease?

A

Human parvovirus

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36
Q

What causes roseola? How does it present?

A

Human herpes virus type 6. High fever, then rash

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37
Q

What is rubeola? Where does it often present?

A

Measles. Buccal mucosa

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38
Q

What agent causes mumps?

A

Paramyxovirus

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39
Q

What is a major complication of whooping cough?

A

Pneomonia

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40
Q

What is rubella and what is its major complication?

A

German measles. Teratogenic effect on fetus

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41
Q

What causes scarlet fever and what are its complications?

A

Group A strep. Carditis, peritonsillar abscess, glomerulonephritis

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42
Q

What child demographics are predisposed to abuse?

A

Disabled, preterm, under 3 years old

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43
Q

Physiologically, what does the school age period begin and end with?

A

Begins with shedding of deciduous teeth and ends with puberty

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44
Q

Is it a time of fast or gradual growth in school age children?

A

Gradual

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45
Q

How much does height and weight increase by per year during the school years?

A

Height by 2 inches a year and weight by 2-3 kg per year

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46
Q

Do males and females differ much in size in the school age years?

A

No

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47
Q

What happens to the heart and bladder in the school age years?

A

Bladder increases in size, heart still small in relation to rest of the body

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48
Q

What is prepubescence defined as?

A

The 2 years preceding puberty

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49
Q

When does puberty occur?

A

Around age 10 in girls and 12 in boys

50
Q

What do school age relationships center around?

A

Same sex peers. Freud called it the “latency” period.

51
Q

What did Erikson call this stage in school age children?

A

A sense of industry or stage of accomplishment. Also inferiority

52
Q

What was Piaget’s take on this stage of cognitive development in school age children?

A

Concrete operations. Judgment based on reasoning

53
Q

What, according to Piaget, is “conserving?”

A

Being able to tell if 2 objects are about the same size, even when not side by side

54
Q

Inappropriate level of attention and impulsiveness is called _____.

A

ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)

55
Q

What is “encopresis?” Primary? Secondary?

A

Repeated voluntary or involuntary passage of feces of normal or near-normal consistency into places not appropriate for that purpose. Primary = Fecal incontinence after age 4. Secondary = >4 yrs old fecal incontinence after period of prior established fecal continence

56
Q

According to Kohlberg, what do school age children develop?

A

Conscience and moral standard. Kids expect punishment

57
Q

If a child basically loses contact with reality and is in a world of his own, it is called _____.

A

Childhood schizophrenia

58
Q

What is the primary goal of middle childhood?

A

Increasing independence from parents

59
Q

What types of play come into focus during school age years?

A

Rules/rituals, team play, quiet games/activities, ego mastery

60
Q

How much sleep do school age kids need?

A

10-12 hours

61
Q

Puberty is associated with the development of _____ _____ characteristics.

A

Secondary sex

62
Q

What does it mean to have a tooth “avulsed?”

A

Knocked out

63
Q

A common feature of repetitive use injuries is called _____.

A

Repetitive microtrauma

64
Q

Kids left by themselves after school are called _____.

A

Latchkey kids

65
Q

Bedwetting is called _____.

A

Enuresis

66
Q

True or False. In middle childhood there are fewer stomach upsets, better blood sugar maintenance, and increased stomach capacity.

A

True

67
Q

Are caloric needs in relation to stomach size higher or lower in relation to preschool years?

A

Lower

68
Q

Are backpacks the preferred method of carrying books for school kids?

A

Yes

69
Q

Do school age kids mature more physically or emotionally?

A

Physically

70
Q

What factor most influences the amount and manner of discipline in school age kids?

A

Response of the child to reward and punishment

71
Q

What do you do for an avulsed tooth?

A

Rinse off, reinsert in socket, have child bite on gauze, send to dentist

72
Q

What is psychosocial dwarfism defined as?

A

Growth retardation in children over 2

73
Q

What is the most ocmmon chromosomal abnormality in school age children?

A

Klinefelters syndrome. Males - 1 in 850 births. Additional X chromosome

74
Q

What is done for a stress fracture?

A

NSAIDS, cryotherapy, cold whirlpool, physical therapy

75
Q

What can be done for “Tall stature?”

A

Estrogen if initiated before menarche. Controversial

76
Q

What is the most common cause of short stature worldwide?

A

Inadequate nutrition

77
Q

Who does Turner’s syndrome affect?

A

Females - 1 in 2500 births. Absence of an X chromosome

78
Q

What are the s/s of Turner’s syndrome?

A

Sterile, short, no secondary sex characteristics, webbed neck, shield chest, wide nipples, low posterior hairline

79
Q

What is the definition of enuresis? Who gets it more, males or females?

A

2x per week for 3 months after age 5 of bedwetting. Males

80
Q

What drugs are prescribed for ADHD?

A

Ritalin, adderall, dexadrine (stimulants), clinidrine, guanfacine (TCA’s), atomoxetine (norepinephrine transport inhibitor)

81
Q

What is the bladder volume of a school age child?

A

300-500 mL.

82
Q

When is “school phobia” most likely to develop?

A

After age 10

83
Q

What is a conversion reaction?

A

Hysteria

84
Q

When does childhood schizophrenia appear?

A

After age 4 or 5

85
Q

What is adolescence defined as?

A

Starts at puberty and ends with the cessation of growth at 18-20 yrs of age

86
Q

What are some safety considerations for teens?

A

MVA, self-mutilation, suicide, alcohol

87
Q

Sleep-wise what is common among teens?

A

Sleep deprivation

88
Q

When is postpubescence?

A

1-2 years after puberty. Skeletal growth complete. Repo well established

89
Q

What’s the difference between primary and secondary sex characteristics?

A

Primary-external (the boys) and internal organs of repo. Secondary - voice, hair, boobs, fat

90
Q

What is defined as the initial appearance of menstruation, and when does this occur?

A

Menarche. Approx 2 years of onset of prepubescent changes

91
Q

When do females estrogen levels rise?

A

Until about 3 years after menarche

92
Q

Man boobs. Common in mid puberty

A

Gynecomastia. Disappears in less than 2 years

93
Q

Binging/purging

A

Bulimia

94
Q

Eating disorder where they don’t eat

A

Onorexia

95
Q

What often happens in males toward the end of the adolescent growth spurt?

A

Nocturnal emmision

96
Q

What is responsible for the rapid growth of early teens?

A

Androgens

97
Q

What is defined as a guide for estimating sexual maturity?

A

Tanner stages of sexual maturity

98
Q

What is the appearance of breast buds at 9-13 1/2 years?

A

Thelarche

99
Q

What is it called when you get your pubes?

A

Adrenarche

100
Q

How much growth is achieved during puberty?

A

20-25% of total height

101
Q

How much growth is achieved during puberty?

A

20-25% of total height

102
Q

What type of play reproduces adult behavior and when does it occur?

A

Imitative play occurs toward the end of the preschool years

103
Q

Define obesity

A

95th percentile

104
Q

What is obesity in girls associated with?

A

Early onset on menarche

105
Q

What is painful menses called? Lack of?

A

Dysmenorrhea; Amenorrhea

106
Q

What is the average age of menarche in north American girls?

A

12 years 9 1/2 months

107
Q

What hormone causes the vagina, uterus, fallopina tubes, and breasts to grow and develop?

A

Estrogen

108
Q

What psychosocial aspect do teens develop (Erikson)?

A

Sense of identity

109
Q

If breast development hasn’t occurred by age 13, it is called _____ _____.

A

Pubertal delay

110
Q

What is the first pubescent change in boys?

A

Testicular enlargement, with thinning, redness, and looseness of scrotum

111
Q

What is Piaget’s cognitive crap on teens?

A

Formal operations period, abstract thinking, variables, concern for other’s thoughts

112
Q

What is Kohlberg and morals in teens?

A

Internalized morals.Questioning, duty/obligation, justice/reparation

113
Q

What physiologic changes occur in the adolescent years?

A

Heart size/strength/blood volume increase. Pulse and heat production decrease. Respiratory volume and vital capacity increase

114
Q

Male reproductive problem commonly identifies in teen males.

A

Urethritis

115
Q

How does testicular cancer present in teens?

A

Hard, palpable mass on anterior lateral surface

116
Q

What is the treatment for an adolescent with dysmenorrhea?

A

NSAIDS

117
Q

What is often an adverse effect in an anorexic teen who exercises?

A

Amenorrhea

118
Q

What is primary amenorrhea? Secondary?

A

Primary = None by 14 or 15, or secondary characteristics there but no menarche by 16 to 16 1/2. Secondary = Absence for 6 months

119
Q

Drug abuse, misuse, and addiction are defined as _____ _____ _____ _____.

A

Culturally defined voluntary behaviors

120
Q

Drug tolerance and physical dependence are defined as _____ _____ ______.

A

Involuntary physiologic responses

121
Q

No threat of suicide should be _____ or _____.

A

Ignored. Challenged

122
Q

What eating disorder is associated with laxative and diuretic abuse?

A

Bulimia

Peds/OB Nrsg 112 (9 decks)

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