Ch. 32 Orthopedic Injuries Flashcards
Acromioclavicular (AC) joint
A simple joint where the bony projections of the scapula and the dlavidle meet at the top of the shoulser.
Amputation
An injury in which part of the body is completely severed.
Articular cartilage
A pearly white layer of specialized cartilage covering the articular surfaces (contact surfaces on the ends) of bones in synovial joints.
Calcaneus
The heel bone.
Closed fracture
Any break in a bone in which the overlying skin is not broken.
Compartment syndrome
Swelling in a confined space that produces dangerous pressure; may cut off blood flow or damage sensitive tissues.
Crepitus
A grating or grinding sensation or sound cuased by fractured bone ends or joints rubbing together.
Dislocation
Disruption of a joint in which a ligaments are damaged and bone ends are no longer in contact.
Displaced fracture
A fracture in which bone fragments are separated from one another, producing deformity in the limb.
Ecchymosis
Bruising or discoloration associated with bleeding within or under the skin.
False motion
Movement that occurs in a bone at a point where there is no joint, indicating a fracture; also called free movement.
Fascia
The fiberlike connective tissue that covers arteries, veins, tendons, and ligaments.
Fibula
The outer and smaller bone of the two bones of the lower leg.
Glenoid fossa
The part of the scapula that joins with the muforal head to form the glenohumoral joint.
Hematuria
Blood in the urine.
Joint
The place where two bones come into contact.
Ligaments
Bands of fibrous tissue that conect bones to bones. Ligaments support and strengthen a joint.
Nondisplaced fracture
A simple crack in the bone that has not caused the bone to move from itss normal anatomic position; also called a hairline fracture.
Open fracture
Any break in a bone in which the overlying skin has been broken.
Pelvic binder
A device to splint the bony pelvis to reduce hemorrhage from bone ends, venous disruption, and pain.
Point tenderness
Tenderness that is sharply localized at the site of the injury, found by gently palpating along the bone with the tip of one finger.
Position of function
A hand position in which the wrist is slightly dorsiflexed and all finger joints are moderately flexed.
Reduce
To return to a dislocated joint or fractured bone to its normal position; to set.
Retroperitoneal space
The space betwween the abdominal cavity and the posterior abdominal wall, containing the kidneys, certain large vessels, and parts of the gastrointestinal tract.
Sciatic nerve
The major nerve to the lower extremities; controls much of muscle function in the leg ans sensation in most of the leg and foot.
Sling
A bandage or material that helps to support the weight of an injured upper extremity.
Sprain
A joint injury involving damage to supporting ligaments, and sometimes partial or temporary dislocation of bone ends.
Strain
Stretching or tearing of a muscle; also called a muscle pull.
Swathe
A bandage that passes around the chest to secure an injured arm to the chest.
Tibia
The shinbone; the larger of the two bones of the lower leg.
Tourniquet
The bleeding ocntrol method used when a wound continues to bleed despite the use of direct pressure; useful if a patient is bleeding severely from a partial or incomplete amputation.
Traction
Longitudinal force applied to a structure.
Zone of injury
The area of potientially damaged soft tissue, adjacent nerves, and blood vessels surrounding an injury to a bone or a joint.
