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EMT-B Flashcards (AAOS 12th Edition) > Ch. 12 Principles of Pharmacology > Flashcards

Ch. 12 Principles of Pharmacology Flashcards

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1
Q

Absorption

A

The process by which medications travel through body tissues until they reach the blood stream.

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2
Q

Action

A

The theraputic effect of a medication on the body.

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3
Q

Adverse effects

A

Any unwanted clinical results of a medication.

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4
Q

Agonist

A

A medication that causes stimulation of receptors.

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5
Q

Antibiotic

A

A medication used to treat infections caused by a becterium.

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6
Q

Anticoagulant

A

A medication that impairs the ability of blood to clot.

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7
Q

Antifungal

A

A medication used to treat infections caused by a fungus.

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8
Q

Antiplatelet

A

A medication that prevents blood platelets from clumping or sticking together.

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9
Q

Aspirin (acetylcalicylic acid or ASA)

A

A medication that is an antipyretic (reduces fever), analgesic (reduces pain), anti-inflammatory (reduces inflammation), and a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation (clumping).

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10
Q

Contraindications

A

Conditions that make a particular medication or treatment inappropriate because it would not help, or may actually harm, a patient.

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11
Q

Dose

A

The amount of medication given on the basis of the patient’s size and age.

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12
Q

Duration

A

The amount of time that clinical effects of a medication last.

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13
Q

Elimination

A

The process of removing a medication or chemical from within the body.

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14
Q

EMT-administered medication

A

Administration of a mediction by the EMT directly to the patient.

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15
Q

Enteral medications

A

Medications that enter the body through the digestive system.

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16
Q

Epinephrine

A

A medication that increases heart rate and blood pressure but also eases breathing problems by decreasing muscle tone of the bronchiole tree.

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17
Q

Gel

A

A semiliquid substance that is administered orally in capsule form or through plastic tubes.

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18
Q

Generic name

A

The original chemical name of a medication (in contrast with one of its proprietary or trade names); the name is not capitalized.

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19
Q

Hypoglycemia

A

An abnormally low blood glucose level.

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20
Q

Indications

A

The theraputic uses for a specific medication.

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21
Q

Inhalation

A

The active, muscular part of breathing that draws air into the airway and lungs; a medication delivery route.

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22
Q

Intramuscular (IM) injection

A

An injection into a muscle; a medication delivery route.

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23
Q

Intranasal (IN)

A

A delivery route in which medication is pushed through a specialized atomizer device called a mucosal atomizer device (MAD) into the nostrils.

24
Q

Intravenous (IV)

A

An injection directly into a vein; a medication delivery route.

25
Q

Medication

A

A substance that is used to treat or prevent disease or relieve pain.

26
Q

Medication error

A

Inappropriate use of a medication that could lead to patient harm.

27
Q

Metered-dose inhaler (MDI)

A

A miniature spray canister used to direct medications through the mouth and into the lungs.

28
Q

Mucosal atomizer device (MAD)

A

A device that is used to change a liquid medication into a spray and push it into a nostril.

29
Q

Nitroglycerin

A

A medication that increases cardiac perfusion by causing blood vesseld to dilate; EMTs may be allowed to assist the patient to self-administer this medication.

30
Q

Onset of action

A

The amount of time from the administration of a medication to the onset of clinical effects.

31
Q

Oral

A

By mouth; a medication delivery route.

32
Q

Oral glucose

A

A simple sugar that is readily absorbed by the bloodstream; it is carried on the EMS unit.

33
Q

Over-the-counter (OTC) medications

A

Medications that may be purchased directly by a patient without a prescription.

34
Q

Oxygen

A

A gas that all cells need for metabolism; the heart and brain, especially, cannot function without oxygen.

35
Q

Parenteral medications

A

Medications that enter the body by a route other than the digestive tract, skin, or mucous membranes.

36
Q

Patient-assisted medication

A

When the EMT assists the patient with the administration of his or her own medication.

37
Q

Peak

A

The point or period when the maximum clinical effect of a drug is achieved.

38
Q

Peer-assisted medication

A

When the EMT administers medication to himself or herself or to a partner.

39
Q

Per os (PO)

A

Through the mouth; a medication delivery route; the same as oral.

40
Q

Per rectum (PR)

A

Through the rectum; a medication delivery route.

41
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A

The process by whidh a medication works on the body.

42
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

The process that the body performs on a medication, including how it is absorbed, distributed, possibly changed, and eliminated.

43
Q

Pharmacology

A

The study of the properties and effects of medications.

44
Q

Polypharmacy

A

The use of multiple medications on a regular basis.

45
Q

Prescription medications

A

Medications that are distributed to patients only by pharmacists according to a physician’s order.

46
Q

Solution

A

A liquid mixture that cannot be separated by filtering or allowing tthe mixture to stand.

47
Q

Subcutaneous injection (SQ)

A

Injection into the fatty tissue between the skin and muscle; a medication delivery route.

48
Q

Sublingual (SL)

A

Under the tongue; a medication delivery route.

49
Q

Suspension

A

A mixture of tround particles that are distrebuted evently throughout a liquid but do not dissolve.

50
Q

Theraputic evvect

A

The desired or intended effect a medication is expected to have on the body.

51
Q

Topical medications

A

Lotions, creams, and ointments that are applied to the surface of the slin and affect only that area; a medication delivery route.

52
Q

Trade name

A

The brand name that a manufacturer gives a medication; the name is capitalized.

53
Q

Transcutaneous (transdermal)

A

Through the skin; a medication delivery route.

54
Q

Unintended effects

A

Actions that are undesireable but pose little risk to the patient.

55
Q

Untoward effects

A

Actions that can be harmful to the patient.

EMT-B Flashcards (AAOS 12th Edition) (44 decks)

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