Ch. 13 Shock

Question 1

Afterload

Answer 1

The force or resistance against which the heart pumps.

Question 2

Anaphylactic shock

Answer 2

Severe shock caused by and allergic reaction.

Question 3

Anaphylaxis

Answer 3

An extreme, life threatening, systemic allergic reaction that may include shock and respiratory failure.

Question 4

Aneurism

Answer 4

A swelling or enlargememtn of a part of an artery, resulting from the weakening of the arterial wall.

Question 5

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 5

The part of the nervous system that regulates involuntary activities of the body, such that the heart rate, blood pressure, and digestion of food.

Question 6

Cardiac tamponade

Answer 6

Compression of the heart as the result of the buildup of blood or other fluid in the pericardial sac, leading to decreased cardiac output.

Question 7

Cardiogenic shock

Answer 7

A state in which not enough oxygen is delivered to the tissues of the body, caused by low output of blood from the heart. It can be a severe complication of a large acute myocardial infarction, as well as other conditions.

Question 8

Compensated shock

Answer 8

The early stage of shock, in which the body can still compensate for blood loss.

Question 9

Cyanosis

Answer 9

A blue discoleration that is caused by a reduced level of oxygen in the blood. Although paleness, or a decrease in blood flow can be difficult to detect in dark skinned prople, it may be observed by examining mucous membranes inside the inner lower eyelid and capillary refill. on general observation, the patient may appear ashen or gray.

Question 10

Decompensated shock

Answer 10

The late stage of shock when blood pressure is falling.

Question 11

Dehydration

Answer 11

Loss of water from the tissues of the body.

Question 12

Distrubutive shock

Answer 12

A condition that occurs when there is widespread dilation of the small arterioles, small venules, or both.

Question 13

Edema

Answer 13

The presence of abnormally large amounts of fluid betweeen cells in body tissues, causing swelling of the affected area.

Question 14

Homeostasis

Answer 14

A balalnce of all systems of the body.

Question 15

Hypothermia

Answer 15

A condition in which the internal body temperature falls below 95°F (35°C).

Question 16

Hypovolemic shock

Answer 16

A condition in which low blood volume, due to massive internal or external bleeding or extensive loss of body water, results in inagequate perfusion.

Question 17

Myocardial contractility

Answer 17

The ability of the heart muscle to contract.

Question 18

Neurogenic shock

Answer 18

Circulatory failure caused by paralysis of the nerves that control the size of the blood vessels, leading to widespead dilation; seen in patients with spinal cord injuries.

Question 19

Obstructive shoeck

Answer 19

Shock that occurs when there is a block to blood flow in the heart or great vessels, causing an insufficient blood supply to the body’s tissues.

Question 20

Perfusion

Answer 20

The flow of blood through body tissues and vessels in adequate amounts to meet the cell’s needs.

Question 21

Pericardial effusion

Answer 21

A collection of fluid between the pericardial sac and the myocardium.

Question 22

Preload

Answer 22

The precontraction pressure in the heart as the volume of blood fills up.

Question 23

Psychogenic shock

Answer 23

Shock caused by a sudden, temporary reduction in blood supply to the brain that causes fainting (syncope.)

Question 24

Pulmonary embolism

Answer 24

A blood clot that breaks off from a large vein and travels to the blood vessels of the lung, causing obstruction of blood flow.

Question 25

Pulse pressure

Answer 25

The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures.

Systolic - diastolic = pulse pressure

Question 26

Sensitization

Answer 26

Developing a sensitivity to a substance that initially caused no allergic reaction.

Question 27

Septic shock

Answer 27

Shock caused by a sever infection, usually a bacterial infection.

Question 28

Shock

Answer 28

A condition in which the circulatory system fails to provide sufficient circulation to maintain normall cellular functions; also called hypoperfusion.

Question 29

Sphincters

Answer 29

Muscles that encercle and, by contracting, constrict a duct, tube, or opening.

Question 30

Syncope

Answer 30

A fainting spell or transient loss of consciousness.