Ch 31: HIV Infection and AIDS

Question 1

HIV, like other retroviruses, depends on a unique enzyme, ______ _______ (RNA-dependent DNA polymerase), to replicate within host cells.

Answer 1

reverse transcriptase

Question 2

What is the other major human pathogenic retrovirus?

Answer 2

human T cell lymphotropic/leukemia virus (HTLV)-I

Question 3

In addition to the classic AIDS virus (HIV-1), a group of related viruses, HIV-2, has been isolated in ____ _______ patients. HIV-2 has the same genetic organization as HIV-1, but there are significant differences in the ________ _____________. Some infected individuals exhibit AIDS-like illnesses, but the rate of progression in individuals infected with HIV-2 appears to be ______ than that of HIV-1 infection.

Answer 3

West African
envelope glycoproteins
slower

Question 4

The _____ trial demonstrated that immediate treatment is associated with a greater than __% reduction in risk for serious illness or death, compared to delaying treatment until the CD4 count falls below 350 cells/mcL.

Answer 4

START

50%

Question 5

Ten ________ _________ (PIs)—indinavir, nelfinavir, ritonavir, saquinavir, amprenavir, fosamprenavir, lopinavir (in combination with ritonavir), atazanavir, darunavir, and tipranavir—are available. PIs are potent suppressors of HIV ___________ and are administered as part of a ___________ regimen.

Answer 5

protease inhibitors
replication
combination

Question 6

Guidelines recommend that all PI-containing regimens except __________ use boosting if possible.

Answer 6

nelfinavir