Ch 13: Blood Disorders

Question 1

Anemia is present in adults if the hematocrit is below __% in males (Hgb less than ___), or below __% in females (Hgb less than ___).

Answer 1

41%, 13.5

36%, 12

Question 2

The most common cause of anemia is ____ __________, but the most common cause of ____ __________ is ________.

Answer 2

iron deficiency,

iron deficiency, bleeding

Question 3

Name some physical signs of primary hematologic diseases.

Answer 3

lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, bone tenderness especially in the sternum or anterior tibia.
Also, pallor, or mucosal changes such as smooth tongue.

Question 4

What does a smooth tongue suggest?

Answer 4

megaloblastic anemia

Question 5

What is a reticulocyte?

Answer 5

an immature red blood cell without a nucleus

Question 6

What is reticulocytosis?

Answer 6

increase in the number of circulating reticulocytes

Question 7

Which type of anemia has the greatest risk for iron toxicity?

Answer 7

Beta-thalassemia

Question 8

The clinical course of beta-thalassemia is modified significantly by transfusion therapy, but transfusional iron overload (__________) results in a clinical picture similar to hemochromatosis, with heart failure, cardiac arrhythmias, cirrhosis, endocrinopathies, and pseudoxanthoma elasticum (calcification and fragmentation of the elastic fibers of the skin, retina, and cardiovascular system), usually after more than 100 units of red blood cells have been transfused. Iron overloading occurs because the human body has no active iron _________ mechanism.

Answer 8

hemosiderosis

excretory

Question 9

Sickle cell anemia is an autosomal _________ disorder in which an abnormal hemoglobin leads to chronic hemolytic anemia with numerous clinical consequences. A single DNA base change leads to an amino acid substitution of ______ for glutamine in the _____ position on the beta-globin chain.

Answer 9

recessive

valine

sixth