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Test #2 > Ch 30 > Flashcards

Ch 30 Flashcards

1
Q

Cyanosis

A

Increased amount of deoxygenated hemoglobin it is associated with hypoxia
Causes bluish skin
Locations: nail bed, lips, mouth, skin

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2
Q

Pallor

A

Reduced amount of oxyhemoglobin
Location: face, nail beds, palms of hands, skin, lips
(Can we do to anemia and shock)

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3
Q

Vitiligo

A

Lots of pigmentation
Locations: patchy areas on skin over face, hands, arms

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4
Q

Jaundice

A

Increase deposits of bilirubin and tissues
Causes yellow – orange skin tone, as well as eyecolor
Locations: Sclera, mucous membranes, skin

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5
Q

Erythema

A

Increase visibility of oxyhemoglobin caused by dilation, increase the blood flow
Could be caused by: fever, direct, trauma, blushing, alcohol intake (redness)
Location: face, area of trauma, sacrum, shoulders, other common side of pressure injuries

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6
Q

Tan– brown

A

Increased amount of Melanin
Causes: suntan, pregnancy
Locations: areas, exposed to the sun: face, arms, Areola’s, nipples

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7
Q

Edema

A

Is present want areas of the skin become swollen or edematous from a buildup of fluid at the tissues?

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8
Q

Macule

A

Flat, non-palpable change in skin color; smaller than 1 cm

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9
Q

Papule

A

Palpable, circumscribed, solid elevation in skin; smaller than 1 cm
(Pimple/wart)

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10
Q

Nodule

A

Elevated solid mass; deeper and firmer than papule; 1–2 cm(deep inflammatory pimples)

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11
Q

Tumor

A

Solid mass that extend deep through subcutaneous tissue; larger than 1–2 cm

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12
Q

Wheal

A

Irregularly shaped, elevated area or superficial localized edema; varies in size(hives)

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13
Q

Vesicle

A

Circumscribed elevation of skin filled with serous fluid, smaller than 1 cm
(Chicken pox)

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14
Q

Pustule

A

Circumscribed elevation of skin similar to a Physical, but filled with pus; varies in size
Example: acne

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15
Q

Ulcer

A

Deep loss of skin surface that extends to dermis and frequently bleeds in scores; berries and size

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16
Q

Atrophy

A

Thinning of skin with lots of normal skin furrow, with skin, appearing shiny and translucent varies in size
Ex: arterial insufficiency

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17
Q

Basal cell carcinoma

A

Crusted lesions that is flat or raised, and has a rolled, somewhat scaly border

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18
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma

A

Occurs more often on coastal surfaces and not exposed areas of skin, then basal cells

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19
Q

Melanoma

A

.5–1 cm brown flat lesion; appears on sun, exposed, or non-exposed skin; irregular borders, and indistinct Martin’s.

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20
Q

Clubbing
Nail

A

A change in angle between nail and nail base(eventually larger than 180°) nail bed, softening with nail flattening; enlargement of fingertips
Causes: chronic lack of oxygen: heart or pulmonary disease,COPD

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21
Q

Beau lines
Nails

A

Transverse, depressions nails, indicating temporary disturbance of nail growth(nail grows out over several months)
Causes: systemic illness, such as severe infection; nail injury

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22
Q

KOILONYCHIA (spoon nail)

A

Concave curves
Causes: iron deficiency, anemia, syphilis, use of strong

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23
Q

Splinter hemorrhages
Nail

A

Red or brown linear streaks and nail bed
Causes: minor trauma, subacute, bacterial endocarditis. Trichinosis

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24
Q

Paronychia
Nail

A

Inflammation of skin at base of nail
Causes: local infection, trauma

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25
Hyperopia
Farsightedness, a really tractive error, in which rays of light into the guy and focus behind the retina. People can clearly see distant objects, but not close objects (Holding phone at a distance)
26
Myopia
Nearsightedness, refractive error, in which rays of light into the eye and focus in front of the right now. People can clearly see close objects, but not distant objects
27
Presbyopia
Impaired near vision in the middle age and older adult caused by loss of elasticity of lens and association with aging process(what randy does with his phone)
28
Retinopathy
Non-inflammatory eye disorder resulting from changes in retinal blood vessels. It is a leading cause of blindness.
29
Strabismus
A congenital condition, in which both eyes do not focus on an object simultaneously; these eyes appear crossed.
30
Cataracs
An increase opacity of the lens, which blocks light rays from entering the eye. Cataracs sometimes develops slowly and progressively after age 35 or suddenly after trauma they are one of the most common eye disorders.
31
Glaucoma
Is inter-ocular structural damage resulting from elevated intraocular pressure. Obstruction of the outflow of aqueous humor causes this. Without treatment, this disorder leads to blindness.
32
Macular degeneration
Is associated with aging and result in severe loss of patient’s central vision. It is the leading cause of blindness and low vision in the United States in those 65 years of age and older there’s no cure, but there are injections and laser treatments that may slow the progression.
33
PERRLA
P: pupils E: equal R: round R: react L: to light A: accommodation
34
Tuning fork
Used in weber test and rinne test
35
Weber test
Hold fort against the midline of the patient’s head or metal for head, ask patient, whether the sound is heard equally in both ears are better in one ear(lateralization)
36
Rinne test
Play stem of vibrating, tuning fork against patients mastoid process begin counting the interval with your watch. Ask the patient to let you know when the sound is no longer hard; and quickly place still vibrating times 1 to 2 cm from ear canal and ask the patient to tell you when sound is no longer hard. Compare number of seconds the sound is heard by bone conduction versus affect
37
Order of assessment
Inspection Palpitation Percussion Asculation
38
Gait
How the PT walks
39
General survey
Is observed with eyes
40
Conduction (hearing loss)
Sound waves, not transmitted from the outer ear to the middle ear Ex: earwax blockage, infection
41
Three types of hearing loss
Conduction Sensory neuron Mixed
42
Sensory Neuro
Issues with the inner ear and auditory low Ex: loud sounds, autotoxic, drugs, certain antibiotics
43
Mixed(hearing loss)
Combination of conduction and sensory neuro
44
Turgor
Elasticity of the skin
45
Petechiae
Non-blanching, pinpoint sized, red or purple spots on the skin caused by small hemorrhages in the skin layer
46
Glossopharyngeal
Carnival nerve 9 What is associated with taste in the ability to swallow
47
Borborygmi
Hyperactive bowel sounds that are loud and “ growling”
48
Grade of zero
Indicates that the reflect response was absent
49
Grade of 1+
Indicates that the reflex, responsive, sluggish or diminished (Pulse diminished, barely palpable)
50
Grade of 2+
That the nurse receive the expected reflex response (Expected)
51
Grade of 3+
Indicates the patient’s deep tendon reflex was slightly hyperactive (Full, increased)
52
Crackles
Crackles are the adventitious sounds that are heard only during inspiration
53
Supination
When the hand faces up during rotation
54
Pronation
When the hand faces down during rotation(going down for a high five)
55
Grade of +4
Brisk, hyperactive reflects is associated with clonus -bounding, aneursmal
56
Hypertensity
Muscle is tight, spasm, larger than normal
57
Hypotencity
Not much there, May feel flabby
58
Atrophy
No muscle mass
59
Three types of range of motion
Active: patient does it all Passive: nurse is completely doing the work Active assist: the patient needs a little help; nurse may start, but the patient finishes
60
Osteoporosis
Decreased bone, mass and deterioration of bone tissue; fragile bone
61
Osteopenia
Characterized by low bone mass of the hip; puts person at risk for osteoporosis, fractures, and potential complications later in life
62
Mini -mental state, examination(MMSE)
Provides information regarding a patient orientation and cognitive function
63
Sensory(receptive)
Able to speak to you; but issues with comprehension
64
Motor(expressive)
Cannot speak; but they understand
65
Glasgow coma scale
Eyes:opening Verbal response Best motor response The best score is 15
66
Paresthesia
Add feeling, numbness, pins and needles
67
Romberg’s test
To assess balance health, patient close eyes and walk Heel toe
68
Hypoxia(central cyanosis)
Lips, tongue, inside the mouth turn blue
69
Ecchymosis
Bruised
70
Capillary refill
And an adult you take three seconds to go back to normal color (Pressure on the nail)
71
Rhonchi(sonorous wheeze)
Primarily heard over trachea and bronchi; if loud enough able to be heard over most lung fields Ex: loud, low/pitched, rumbling, course sounds are heard, either during inspiration or expiration; *sometimes cleared by coughing*
72
Wheezes (Sibilant wheeze)
Heard all over lung fields Ex: high-pitched, continuous musical sounds that are a squid card continuously during inspiration or expiration; usually louder on expiration
73
Pleural friction rub
Heard over anterior lateral Lung field at (If patient is sitting upright) Try, rubbing, or grading quality is hard during inspiration or expiration; *****does not clear with coughing; ***loudest over lower lateral anterior surface
74
Syncope
Circulatory arrest
75
Stenosis
Narrowing
76
Bruit
Blowing sound/swishing sound
77
What sounds are heard when you ausculate the carotid artery
Normally, you do not hear any sounds during carotid auscultation -make sure no Bruit could be heard
78
How to access the jugular veins
Normally, when a patient lies in the supine position, the external jugular vein distends and becomes easily visible The jugular vein usually lies flat when the patient changes to a sitting or standing position
79
Teaching strategies for patients with vascular insufficiency
1. Instruct patient with risk or evidence of vascular insufficiency in lower extremities to avoid tight clothing over the lower body or legs, to avoid sitting, or standing for long periods of time, to avoid sitting with legs crossed, to walk regularly, and to elevate the one sitting. 2. Advise patient to avoid or stop the smoking of cigarettes, cigars, or pipes of the use of nicotine products. 3. Instruct patient with hypertension about the benefits of regular monitoring of blood pressure. Teach patient how to use home monitoring kits.
80
Signs and symptoms of vascular insufficiency
Swelling, discoloration
81
Ultrasound, stethoscope
Another word for Doppler is a useful tool that amplify the sound of a pulse wave
82
Posterior chest landmarks
1. Left scapular line. 2. Vertebral line 3. Right scapular line.
83
Lateral chest landmarks
1. Posterior axillary line. 2.Midaxillary line. 3. Anterior axillary line.
84
Anterior chest landmarks
1. Midsternal line. 2. Mid clavicular line. 3. Interior axillary line.

Test #2 (6 decks)

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