Ch. 3 Three Claims, Four validities: Interrogation Tools for Consumers of Research Flashcards
Variables
A factor that has a range of values
Conceptual variable
An abstract construct (caregiver attachment)
Operationalize
Turn a concept into a measured or manipulated variable
Frequency Claim
Describes a particular rate or degree of a single variable.
- Claim how frequent or common something is
- Is NOT manipulated
Association Claims
As one variable changes, the other variable changes too
- Conducted using a CORRELATIONAL study
- Can have a positive, negative, or zero correlation
Claim
An argument that someone is trying to make
Validity
The appropriateness of a conclusion or decision
-A valid claim is reasonable, accurate, and justifiable
Construct Validity
How well did the researchers measure their variable?
-How well a conceptual variable is operationalized.
External Validity
How well do the participants represent the intended population?
-How well the results of a research study generalize to other people or contexts
Statistical Validity
How well do the numbers support the claim?
-Extent to which a study’s statistical conclusions are accurate and reasonable
Type I Error
Conclude there is an association between two variables when there is none. “false positive”
Type II Error
Conclude that there is no association between two variables when there is an association
-“false negative”
Internal Validity
A study’s ability to eliminate alternative explanations for an association
Is it possible to satisfy all four validates at one?
No
