Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSYC 304 > CH 3: The Brain, NS & Neural Communication > Flashcards

CH 3: The Brain, NS & Neural Communication Flashcards

1
Q

List the major divisions of the nervous system (8)

A
  1. Central Nervous System
    - Brain
    - Spinal Cord
  2. Peripheral Nervous System
    - Somatic NS
    - Autonomic NS
    - -> Sympathetic NS
    - -> Parasympathetic NS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe the CNS

A
  • Central Nervous System

- NS in skull & spine = brain & spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe the PNS

A
  • Peripheral Nervous System
  • NS outside of skull & spine
  • Composed of the Somatic NS & Autonomic NS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe the Somatic NS

A
  • Part of the PNS that interacts w/ EXTERNAL environ

- Composed of afferent nerves & efferent nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe AFFERENT NERVES in Somatic NS

A
  • Carries SENSORY signals from skin, skeletal muscles, joints, eyes, ears, etc. to CNS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe EFFERENT NERVES in Somatic NS

A
  • Carries MOTOR signals from CNS to skeletal muscles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe the Autonomic NS

A
  • Part of PNS that regulates body’s INTERNAL environ

- Composed of afferent nerves & efferent nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe AFFERENT NERVES in Autonomic NS

A
  • Carries SENSORY signals from internal organs to CNS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe EFFERENT NERVES in Autonomic NS

A
  • Carries MOTOR signals from CNS to internal organs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Name the 2 types of nerves in Autonomic NS

A
  • Sympathetic Nerves

- Parasympathetic Nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe Sympathetic Nerves (3)

A
  • Autonomic motor nerves that project from CNS in the lumbar (small of back)
  • ***Stimulate, organize & mobilize E resources in threatening situations
  • Sympathetic changes are indicative of psychological AROUSAL
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe Parasympathetic Nerves (3)

A
  • Autonomic motor nerves that project from brain & sarcal (lower back) regions of spinal cord
  • ***Acts to conserve E
  • Parasympathetic changes are indicative of psychological RELAXATION
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Define MENINGES.

A
  • 3 protective membranes that cover the brain & spinal cord
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

List the 3 meninges & explain their functional role.

A

(1) Dura Mater = tough outer meninx
(2) Arachnoid Membrane = spiderweb-like meninx located b/w dura mater & pia mater
(3) Pia Mater = delicate, innermost meninx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe function of CEREBROSPINAL FLUID (CSF).

A
  • Supports/cushions the brain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where is CSF produced?

A
  • Produced by CHOROID PLEXUSES = networks of capillaries that protrude into ventricles from the pia matter
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where does CSF flow? (3).

A

(1) Subarachnoid Space = space beneath arachnoid membrane - contains many large bv’s & CSF
(2) Central Canal = small central canal that runs length of spinal cord
(3) Cerebral Ventricles = 4 large internal chambers of brain

18
Q

Define BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER & describe its function

A
  • Mechanism that impedes the passage of toxic substances from blood into brain
  • Formed due to tightly packed bv walls of brain cells
19
Q

List the 4 types of GLIAL CELLS

A
  1. Oligodendrocytes
  2. Schwann Cells
  3. Microglia
  4. Astrocytes
20
Q

Define 1. OLIGODENDROCYTES

A
  • Glial cells that myelinated neurons of the CNS

- -> increases speed of transduction

21
Q

Define 2. SCHWANN CELLS

A
  • Glial cells that compose the myelin sheaths of PNS axons & promote the regeneration of PNS axons
22
Q

Define 3. MICROGLIA

A
  • Glial cells that respond to injury/disease engulfing cellular debris & triggering inflammatory responses
  • Plays role in regulation of cell death
23
Q

Define 4. Astrocytes

A
  • Large, star-shaped glial cells that play multiple roles in the CNS
  • ie) exchange chemical signals w/ neurons & other astrocytes
24
Q

List 5 neuroanatomical research techniques.

A
  1. Golgi stain
  2. Nissl stain
  3. Electron microscopy
  4. Anterograde tracing methods
  5. Retrograde tracing methods
25
Q

Describe 1. GOLGI STAIN

A
  • Neural stain that completely darkens a few of the neurons in each slice of tissue
  • > reveals their silhouettes
  • > see individual neurons
26
Q

Describe 2. NISSL STAIN

A
  • Neural stain that has an affinity for structures in neuron cell bodies
27
Q

Describe 3. ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

A
  • Microscopy technique used to study fine details of cellular structure
28
Q

Describe 4. ANTEROGRADE TRACING METHODS

A
  • Used when want to trace paths of axons projecting AWAY from cell bodies
29
Q

Describe 5. RETROGRADE TRACING METHODS

A
  • Used when want to trace paths of axons projecting INTO a particular area
30
Q

Define ANTERIOR

A
  • Towards the nose end
31
Q

Define POSTERIOR

A
  • Towards the tail end
32
Q

Define DORSAL

A
  • Top of human head & back of human body
33
Q

Define VENTRAL

A
  • Bottom of human head & front of human body
34
Q

Define MEDIAL

A
  • Towards midline of body
35
Q

Define LATERAL

A
  • Away from midline toward body’s lateral surfaces
36
Q

List the 5 major components of the spinal cord.

A
  1. Gray Matter
  2. White Matter
  3. Dorsal Horns
  4. Ventral Horns
  5. Dorsal Root Ganglia
37
Q

Describe GRAY MATTER

A
  • Composed of cell bodies & un-myelinated interneurons
38
Q

Describe WHITE MATTER

A
  • Composed of myelinated axons
39
Q

Describe DORSAL HORNS

A
  • 2 dorsal arms of the spinal grey matter
40
Q

Describe VENTRAL HORNS

A
  • 2 ventral arms of the spinal grey matter
41
Q

Describe DORSAL ROOT GANGLIA

A
  • Structures just outside the spinal cord that are composed of cell bodies of dorsal root axons
42
Q

List the 5 major divisions of the brain.

A

FOREBRAIN:

  1. Telencephalon (aka cerebral hemispheres)
  2. Diencephalon

MIDBRAIN:
3. Mesencephalon (aka midbrain)

HINDBRAIN:

  1. Metencephalon
  2. Myelencephalon (aka medulla)
  • 2-5 = brain stem = stem on which cerebral hemispheres sit

PSYC 304 (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions