Ch 3 Terms

Question 1

1. Valence Electron:

Answer 1

Those electrons in the outer-most shell that actually participate in a chemical bond.

Question 2

2. Ionic Bond:

Answer 2

Bond where the anion has a large enough electronegativity so that electrons are pulled away from the cation.

Question 3

3. Polar Covalent Bond:

Answer 3

Bond where the anion has a moderate electronegativity so that electrons are only slightly pulled toward the anion.

Question 4

4. Covalent Bond:

Answer 4

Bond where the cation and anion share or almost share the electrons equally.

Question 5

5. Metallic Bond:

Answer 5

Type of chemical bond in metals where the electrons are free to roam from one nuclei to another.

Question 6

6. Hydrogen Bond:

Answer 6

Type of “bond” between hydrogen and some other atom that is more like an electrostatic force of attraction rather than a bond. Hydrogen is significant because of its small radius and moderate electronegativity.

Question 7

because of its small radius and moderate electronegativity.

Question 8

7. Van Der Waals Force:

Answer 8

The electrostatic force of attraction that exists between two atoms because of the opposite and/or like dipoles between molecules.

Question 9

8. Cation:

Answer 9

The ion that donates electrons to form a chemical bond.

Question 10

9. Anion:

Answer 10

The ion that accepts electrons to form a chemical bond.

Question 11

10. Polyatomic Ion:

Answer 11

A combination of two or more elements that is either covalently or polar covalently bonded. Polyatomic ions are significant because they exist as charged ions in solution

Question 12

ions in solution.

Question 13

11. Bond: Sharing

Answer 13

partially sharing

Question 14

12. Bond Order: Single (2 electrons)

Answer 14

double (4 electrons)

Question 15

13. Empirical Formula:

Answer 15

Simplest ratio of atoms present in a compound

Question 16

14. Molecular Formula:

Answer 16

Exact ratio of atoms present in a molecule.

Question 17

15. Structural Formula:

Answer 17

Method used to show the three dimensional structure of the molecule.

Question 18

16. Molecule:

Answer 18

A primarily covalent group of atoms bonded together so that they form a distinct unit of structure.

Question 19

17. Network Solid:

Answer 19

A covalently bonded group of atoms that exist in a repeating pattern of varying unit size. Graphite and diamond are two different network solids of carbon.

Question 20

18. Crystalline Lattice:

Answer 20

An ionic bonded group of atoms that exist in a repeating pattern of varying unit size. Sodium chloride and some precious stones are examples of crystalline lattice.

Question 21

19. Single Bond:

Answer 21

One set of electrons (total = two) is shared between the cation and the anion.

Question 22

20. Double Bond:

Answer 22

Two sets of electrons (total = four) is shared between the cation and the anion.

Question 23

21. Triple Bond:

Answer 23

Three sets of electrons (total = six) is shared between the cation and the anion.

Question 24

22. Bond Length:

Answer 24

The distance between centers of nuclei in a chemical bond.

Question 25

23. Bond Energy: