Ch 3 Terms Flashcards
- Valence Electron:
Those electrons in the outer-most shell that actually participate in a chemical bond.
- Ionic Bond:
Bond where the anion has a large enough electronegativity so that electrons are pulled away from the cation.
- Polar Covalent Bond:
Bond where the anion has a moderate electronegativity so that electrons are only slightly pulled toward the anion.
- Covalent Bond:
Bond where the cation and anion share or almost share the electrons equally.
- Metallic Bond:
Type of chemical bond in metals where the electrons are free to roam from one nuclei to another.
- Hydrogen Bond:
Type of “bond” between hydrogen and some other atom that is more like an electrostatic force of attraction rather than a bond. Hydrogen is significant because of its small radius and moderate electronegativity.
because of its small radius and moderate electronegativity.
- Van Der Waals Force:
The electrostatic force of attraction that exists between two atoms because of the opposite and/or like dipoles between molecules.
- Cation:
The ion that donates electrons to form a chemical bond.
- Anion:
The ion that accepts electrons to form a chemical bond.
- Polyatomic Ion:
A combination of two or more elements that is either covalently or polar covalently bonded. Polyatomic ions are significant because they exist as charged ions in solution
ions in solution.
- Bond: Sharing
partially sharing
- Bond Order: Single (2 electrons)
double (4 electrons)
- Empirical Formula:
Simplest ratio of atoms present in a compound
- Molecular Formula:
Exact ratio of atoms present in a molecule.
- Structural Formula:
Method used to show the three dimensional structure of the molecule.
- Molecule:
A primarily covalent group of atoms bonded together so that they form a distinct unit of structure.
- Network Solid:
A covalently bonded group of atoms that exist in a repeating pattern of varying unit size. Graphite and diamond are two different network solids of carbon.
- Crystalline Lattice:
An ionic bonded group of atoms that exist in a repeating pattern of varying unit size. Sodium chloride and some precious stones are examples of crystalline lattice.
- Single Bond:
One set of electrons (total = two) is shared between the cation and the anion.
- Double Bond:
Two sets of electrons (total = four) is shared between the cation and the anion.
- Triple Bond:
Three sets of electrons (total = six) is shared between the cation and the anion.
- Bond Length:
The distance between centers of nuclei in a chemical bond.
- Bond Energy:
