Ch 2 Terms Flashcards
Nucleon
Subatomic particle in the nucleus
Neutron
Neutral neutron, slightly bigger than proton
Proton
Positive nucleon, they identify where the atom is
Electron
Negative charge found in regions of space around nucleus
Atomic number
Number of protons in the nucleus also the number of electrons in a neural atom
Mass #
Sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
Atomic weight
Average weight of naturally occurring isotopes of that element
Atomic mass unit
One twelfth the mass of carbon-12 atom, unit used to measure the comparison of masses
Absorption spectra
Spectra where electrons absorb discrete frequencies as light passes through material
Emission spectra
Spectra where electrons are excited by potential difference of electricity
Emission spectra
Spectra where electrons are excited by potential difference of electricity
Isotope
Atom with different numbers of neutrons
Energy level
Primary energy that the electrons have expressed as the counting number
Excited state
Higher energy level that an electron achieves briefly before going back to its original state
Ground state
Lowest energy level of an atom
Quantum mechanics
Field in physics used to describe subatomic particles. Electrons can only have discrete energies/states
DeBroglie Wavelength
Matter in motion travels in wave motion, but wave motion can not be observed for macroscopic objects, only significant in the subatomic level
Transition element
React in a variety of ways donating electrons to form a chemical bond. All metals with a variety of physical and chemical properties
Family
Vertical columns in the periodic table
Alkali metal
All elements donate to form a chemical bond, react violently with water
Period
Horizontal row of periodic table
Alkali earth metal
Elements donate two electrons to form a chemical bond, react less violently to water than alkali metals
Halogen
Elements accept one electron to form a chemical bond
Noble gas
Generally don’t react with other elements, but might under extreme conditions
Metal
Physical properties like mailable, luster, ductile and conduct heat/electricity. Generally donate electrons to form chemical bonds
Nonmetal
Donate or accept electronic to form chemical bonds
Metalloids
Physical and chemical properties in between metals and nonmetals
Ionization energy
The amount of energy required to remove one electron(first ionization energy), second electron
Electronegativity
Scale developed by Linus Pauling. Best element at taking electrons is fluorine, worst is francium
Atomic radius
Radius of an atom. Value varies depending on ionic, covalent, or other
Radioactive decay
The natural process of an element getting converted to a different element
Half life
Amount of time for half the material to drop half it’s initial value
Fusion
Atomic process where two lighter elements join together to form a heavier isotope
Fission
Atomic process where a heavier atom splits into two or more lighter isotopes
Radioactive dating
Method used to determine approximate age of objects based on the radioactive isotopes present
Alpha particle
A helium nucleus
Beta particles
A high speed electron that comes out of the nucleus
X ray
Electromagnetic radiation produced from the rapid deceleration of electrons
Gamma ray
electromagnetic radiation that originates from the nucleus of an atom
Positron
Radioactive particle with the same mass as an electron but a positive charge that comes out the nucleus during radioactive decay
