Ch 3 - Sleep Flashcards
Awake
- Active mental concentration (beta waves)
- Relaxed with eyes close (alpha waves)
When we are actively mentally concentrating
Beta Waves
When we are relaxed w/ eyes closed
Alpha Waves
Stage 1 of Sleep
- Lightest stage of sleep
- 5% of sleep time
- Characteristics: peacefulness, slowed pulse & respiration, lower blood pressure
- Theta waves
Theta waves are associated with this stage of sleep
Stage 1
The lightest stage of sleep, about 5% of sleep time
Stage 1
Stage 2 of Sleep
- Largest percentage of sleep time
- 45% of sleep time
- Sleep spindle & K-complexes
The largest percentage of sleep time is spent in this stage of sleep
Stage 2
About 45% of sleep time
Stage 2
Sleep spindle & K-complexes are associated w/ which sleep stage
Stage 2
Stage 3 & 4
- Deepest, most relaxed stage of sleep
- 25% of sleep time
- Characteristics: sleep walking (somnambulism) enuresis, night terrors (no recall)
- Delta waves
Deepest, most relaxed stage of sleep
Stages 3 & 4
Stage of sleep when we experience sleep walking (somnambulism) enuresis & night terrors (no recall)
Stages 3 & 4
Delta Waves are associated w/ this stage of sleep
Stages 3 & 4
REM (Rapid Eye Movement)
- 25% of sleep
- Characteristics: dreaming, clitoral/penile erection, increased blood pressure, absence of skeletal movement, night mare (recall)
- Saw-tooth waves
- Avg time for 1st REM: 90 minutes
- Lasts approximately 10-40 minutes
- Occur every 90 minutes
- Rebound REM. Increased REM after sleep deprivation
Dreaming is characteristic of
REM sleep
Saw-toothed waves are characteristic of
REM sleep
REM sleep occurs about every
90 minutes
Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB)
- It’s a barrier between cerebral capillary blood and CSF
- Prevents some blood constituents from entering the brain extracellular space due to tight junctions
- Consist of the endothelial cells of the cerebral capillaries and the choroid plexus epithelium
___ & ___ more readily pass the Blood-Brain Barrier
Uncharged and Lipid-Soluble molecules more readily pass the Blood-Brain Barrier
Functions of the Blood-Brain Barrier
- Maintains a constant environment for neurons in the CNS & protection of the brain from toxins
- Prevents escape of NTs from their functional sites into the general circulation
- Drugs penetrate w/ varying degree of permeability
• Lipid soluble (nonionized) are more permeable than water soluble (ionized)
• Ex: in treatment of parkinsons dz, L-dopa penetrates the BBB more effectively than dopamine
