CH 3 Preventing Disease Transmission Flashcards
define pathogen
a disease causing agent
name 6 disease causing pathogens
- viruses
- bacteria
- fungi
- protozoa (malaria/dysentery)
- ricketts (typhus)
6.parasites (worms)
what are the 3 most common disease causing pathogens
- viruses
- bacteria
- fungi
Describe bacteria and give examples
-single cell micro-organism that do not need other organisms to live
(ex). tetanus, meningitis, strep throat, tuberculosis, MRSA, syphilis, food poisoning
describe viruses and give examples
-non cellular organisms that depend on other organisms to live and reproduce. Body’s immune system is the main defence, antibiotics do not kill or weaken.
(Ex). common cold, hepatitis, measles, mumps, chicken pox
describe fungi & give examples
single celled or multi celled organism
(ex). athletes foot/ring worm
describe portozoa & give examples
- single celled organism that can only divide inside a host
(ex). malaria/dysentery
describe rickettsia & give example
-group of miscro organism that need other living cells for growth, use O2 and suseptable to antibiotics
(ex). typhus, rocky mountain spotted fever
describe parasitic worms and give example
-disease causing organism that live on/inside human or living animal
-can cause anemia, abdominal pain, lowered antibody response, cardio & respiratory complications.
(ex). tape worm
criteria for disease transmission (4)
All must be present for disease to occur
- pathogen must be present
- must be sufficient quantity of the pathogen
- person must be vulnerable to the disease (antivaxxer)
- a correct entry site for the specific pathogen
4 types of pathogen entry sites
- direct contact
- indirect contact
- airborne
- vector borne (tic, animal, insect bite)
8 diseases of concern
- herpes
- meningitis
- tuberculosis
- hepatitis
- HIV/AIDS
- severe acute resp. syndrome (SARS)
- influenza
- methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
common signs/symptoms your body is fighting a viral infection (5)
headaches
fever
exhaustion
nausea
vomiting
4 things to do to prevent disease transmission
- PPE
- personal hygiene equipment
- cleaning and disinfecting equipment
- following occupational/workplace procedures
how to use PPE
-should be on before approaching the person
-nitril/non latex gloves should be used
-never reuse
-dispose of properly
-wash hands after removal
-use protective covering (mask, eyewear, gown)
-cover any additional cuts/scrapes or skin irritations
-use resuscitation mask or oneway valve
examples of engineering controls
- sharp containers
- needle recapping device
- hazardous materials bag
describe work practice controls & give examples (5)
-policy & procedures in a work place
-reduces the likelihood of exposure by specifying how a task is to be carried out
1. check med kits
2. check PPE is in working order
3. place sharp items in puncture/leak proof labelled containers
4. use dressing and bandages to minimize contact with blood
5. avoid needle stick injuries by not trying to bend or recap the needle
S/S, mode of transmission & infectious material: Herpes
s/s: lesions, general ill feeling, sore throat
mode: direct contact
material: broken skin, mucous membranes
S/S, mode of transmission & infectious material: Meningitis
s/s: resp. illness, sore throat, nausea, vomitting
mode: airborne, direct & indirect contact
material: food, water, mucous
S/S, mode of transmission & infectious material: tuberculosis
s/s: weight loss, night sweats, occasional fever, general ill feeling
mode: airborne, direct, non direct
material: mucous, broken skin
S/S, mode of transmission & infectious material: hepatitis
s/s: flu like, juandice
mode: direct & in direct
material: blood, salivia, semen, feces, food, water
S/S, mode of transmission & infectious material: HIV/AIDS
s/s: fever, night sweats, wt. loss, chronic diarrhea, fatigue, SOB, swollen lymph nodes, lesions
mode: direct & indirect contact
material: blood, semen, vag. fluids
S/S, mode of transmission & infectious material: SARS
s/s: high fever, headache, general discomfort, aches, resp. symptoms, diarrhea, dry cough, pneumonia
mode: direct/indirect
material: respiratory droplets, mucous
S/S, mode of transmission & infectious material: influenza
s/s: fever, headache, sore throat, fatigue, runny/stuffy nose, muscle aches, nausea, vomitting/diarreha
mode: direct/indirect
material: resp. droplets, contaminated materials
S/S, mode of transmission & infectious material: MRSA
s/s: cellulitis, boils, abscesses, impetigo, rash (fever, chills, low BP, joint pains & SOB= emergency)
mode: direct/indirect
material:skin & contaminated objects
