CH 12 Head & Spinal- Concussions Flashcards
what does the brainstem include
-medulla oblongata, pons, & midbrain
-vital link for incoming & outgoing fibers pass through. Vital center for breathing & basic life functions
what does the cerebellum function
-posterior to the brain stem
- responsible for subconcious control of motor activity
what does the diencephalon include & function
-thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus
-homeostasis, information filtering
what does the cerebrum include & function
-supported on the diencephalon
-seat of intelligence
(main brain)
Parietal lobe detects what?
-sensations of the body (tactile senses)
-touch, pressure, tickle, itch, vibration, proprioception & kinesthesia
define somatosensation
sensations of the body
what is the frontal lobe responsible for?
-for what a person intends to do & how they accomplish it
-executive functions
-intellect, cognition, reasoning, persistence, planning
what does the temporal lobe responsible for?
-primary auditory cortex
-memory storage & declaritive memory
what is Wernikes area & what lobe is it
-speech comprehension
-temporal lobe
occipital lobe responsibility
- primary visual cortex (interpret)
-higher order vision (colour, texture, shapes, locations, meaning to you)
head injuries vs injuries to the head
Injuries to the head- could be a superficial injury (cut, scrape, scalp cut…)
Head injury- involves brain trauma
what are some injuries to the head? (4)
- skull fractures
- objects impaled in the skull
- cerebral hematoma
- injuries to the brain
Skull fractures: S/S & what should you treat it as
-visible damage to scalp
-deformity of the skull/face
-pain
swelling
fluid from nose, ears, mouth or head wound (CSF)
-unusual pupil size
-raccoon eyes
-battle signs
Treat as SMR
Skull fractures: orbit injury- Define & what might patient complain of (4)
def’n: A fracture of the bones that form the eye sockets (orbits)
S/S:
- double or decreased vision
-numbness above eyebrow or over cheek
-massive discharge of fluid from nose
- eyes may not be able to follow fingers
skull fractures: what to do(4)
- fractures to lower orbit are most common
- cold packs around injuried orbit to help reduce swelling
- place in rapid transport category
- often associated w/ concussions
Impaled objects: management (what to do) (4)
- leave it in place
- stabilize ith with bulky dressing
- dress area around the wound with sterile gauze, but allow the blood to drain
- avoid putting direct pressure on the head
what is a cerebral hematoma
internal bleeding of the brain
-can be artery or vien
-can occur rapid or slow
-most important sign is change in LOR using glascow coma scale
types of hematomas (4)
- epidural hematoma
- subdural hematoma
- subarachnoid hematoma
- intracerebral hematoma
define epidural hematoma
arterial bleed between skull & dura mater
epidural hematoma : MOI & S/S
MOI: low velocity blow to the head (ex) falls or blunt objects to the head
S/S: appear quickly
-brief loss of LOR followed by regained responsivness
-then rapid decline
-pupils dialated, sluggish or non reactive
-impaired motor function of body on opposite side of injury
define subdural hematoma
venous bleed in the subdural space
subdural hematoma: mOI & S/S
MOI: violent blow to head (puck to head/ball to head)
S/S:
- neurological defects can develop immediately or up to days later
-S/S can be slow to appear
-headaches
-visual disturbances
-personality changes
-difficulty speaking
-deficits in motor function
define subarachnoid hematoma
arterial bleed in subarachnoid space. Fills in all the spaces around the brain
subarachnoid hematoma: MOI & S/S
MOI: ruptured aneurysm or head injury
S/S:
-severe headache
-vomititng
-seizures
-confusion
-lowered LOR
