CH 3 PHARMACOKINETICS

Question 1

The process by which drug molecules move from their site of administration to the blood; movement of nutrients and other substances form the alimentary canal to the circulation:

Answer 1

Absorption

Question 2

The ability of some tissues to attract, accumulate, and store drugs in high concentrations relative to other tissues:

Answer 2

Affinity

Question 3

Network of capillaries in the CNS that inhibits many chemicals and drugs form gaining access to the brain:

Answer 3

Blood-brain barrier

Question 4

The movement of a chemical from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration:

Answer 4

Diffusion

Question 5

The transport of drugs throughout the body after they are absorbed:

Answer 5

Distribution

Question 6

Complex that is formed when a drug that binds reversibly to a plasma protein, particularly albumin, that makes the drug unavailable for distribution to its site of action:

Answer 6

Drug-protein complexes

Question 7

Administration of drugs orally or through nasogastric or gastrostomy tubes:

Answer 7

Enteral route

Question 8

Tablets that have a hard, waxy coating designed to dissolve in the alkaline environment of the small intestine:

Answer 8

Enteric-coated

Question 9

Recycling of drugs and other substances by the circulation of bile through the intestine and liver:

Answer 9

Enterohepatic recirculation

Question 10

Process by which a drug increases the activity of the hepatic microsomal enzymes:

Answer 10

Enzyme induction

Question 11

The process of removing substances from the body:

Answer 11

Excretion

Question 12

Tablets or capsules designed to dissolve very slowly, resulting in a longer duration of action for the medication; also called long-acting sustained release:

Answer 12

Extended release

Question 13

Special anatomic barrier that inhibits many chemicals and drugs from entering the fetus:

Answer 13

Fetal-placental barrier

Question 14

Mechanism whereby drugs are absorbed, enter in to the hepatic portal circulation, and are inactivated by the liver before they reach the general circulation:

Answer 14

First-pass effect

Question 15

As it relates to pharmacotherapy, liver enzymes that metabolize drugs as well as nutrients and other endogenous substances; sometimes called the P-450 system:

Answer 15

Hepatic microsomal enzyme system

Question 16

Multiple, similar forms of an enzyme that perform slightly different metabolic functions:

Answer 16

Isozymes

Question 17

Relatively large dose of a drug given at the beginning of treatment to rapidly obtain a therapeutic response:

Answer 17

Loading dose

Question 18

Amount of drug that keeps the plasma drug concentration in the therapeutic range:

Answer 18

Maintenance doses

Question 19

The process used by the body to chemically change a drug molecule; also called biotransformation:

Answer 19

Metabolism

Question 20

Amount of drug required to produce a therapeutic effect:

Answer 20

Minimum effective concentration

Question 21

Study of drug movement throughout the body:

Answer 21

pharmacokinetics

Question 22

The length of time required for the plasma concentration of a drug to decrease by one half after administration:

Answer 22

Plasma half-life (t 1/2)

Question 23

Drugs that become more active after they are metabolized:

Answer 23

Prodrugs

Question 24

Drug that is metabolized by a CYP enzyme:

Answer 24

Substrate

Question 25

Practice of monitoring plasma levels of drugs that have low safety profiles and using the data to predict drug action or toxicity:

Answer 25

Therapeutic drug monitoring

Question 26

Dosage that produces the desired effects of a drug:

Answer 26

Therapeutic range

Question 27

Medications applied to the skin or the membranous linings of the eye, ear, nose, respiratory tract, urinary tract, vagina, and rectum:

Answer 27

Topical route

Question 28

Level of drug that results in serious adverse effects:

Answer 28

Toxic concentration

Question 29

Topical delivery method that uses patches that contain a specified amount of medication that is released over a specified time period:

Answer 29

Transdermal patches