Ch. 3 (Perception)

Question 1

Three stages of perception

Answer 1

Selection, Organization, and Interpretation

Question 2

Selection

Answer 2

what (stimuli) we choose to pay attention to

Question 3

Organization

Answer 3

how we classify the stimulus (physical, role, interaction, and psychological constructs)

Question 4

Interpretation

Answer 4

what meaning do we assign to the stimulus

Question 5

Influences on perception

Answer 5

cultures & co-cultures, stereotypes, primacy & recency effects, and perceptual sets

Question 6

Attributions

Answer 6

The explanations we give for our own and other people’s behaviors. They vary according to three factors: Locus, Controllability, and Stability

Question 7

Self-serving bias

Answer 7

an attribution error that assumes that our successes are earned and deserved but our failures are not our fault

Question 8

Fundamental attribution error

Answer 8

an attribution error that assumes that other people’s behaviors are due to internal, stable causes

Question 9

Self-concept

Answer 9

reflects your stable ideas about who you are

Question 10

Identity

Answer 10

your self-concept

Question 11

Quadrants of Johari Window Model (tool for self-awareness and communication)

Answer 11

open, hidden, blind, and unknown area

Question 12

Open area

Answer 12

what you know, and choose to reveal to others, about yourself

Question 13

Hidden area

Answer 13

what you know about yourself but choose not to reveal

Question 14

Blind area

Answer 14

what others know about you, but you don’t recognize in yourself

Question 15

Unknown area

Answer 15

the dimensions of yourself that you yourself and others don’t know

Question 16

Self-monitoring

Answer 16

being aware of how we look, sound, and affect others, and the tendency toward self-monitoring ranges along a continuum from high to low

Question 17

Self-fulfilling prophecies

Answer 17

describes how a person’s expectations or beliefs can influence their behavior and communication with others, leading to the prediction coming true

Question 18

Self-esteem

Answer 18

your subjective evaluation of your value and worth as a person

Question 19

What does high self-esteem help with?

Answer 19

communicate & build relationships or promote aggression & sexual risk-taking

Question 20

Image management

Answer 20

adjusting our behavior to project a desired image; it’s collaborative. We manage multiple identities in general and online. Image management is complex.

Question 21

What did Erving Goffman say about our face?

Answer 21

our desired public image

Question 22

Facework

Answer 22

the behavior we use to project our desired public image to others

Question 23

Three Face Needs (part of our image) that we manage:

Answer 23

Fellowship face (The need to be accepted and liked by others), Autonomy face (The need to be independent and avoid being controlled by others), and Competence face (The need to be respected and viewed as intelligent and competent.)

Question 24

Face-threatening acts

Answer 24

Behaviors that threaten our face needs. Common in many socially marginalized populations