Ch. 3 (Perception) Flashcards
Three stages of perception
Selection, Organization, and Interpretation
Selection
what (stimuli) we choose to pay attention to
Organization
how we classify the stimulus (physical, role, interaction, and psychological constructs)
Interpretation
what meaning do we assign to the stimulus
Influences on perception
cultures & co-cultures, stereotypes, primacy & recency effects, and perceptual sets
Attributions
The explanations we give for our own and other people’s behaviors. They vary according to three factors: Locus, Controllability, and Stability
Self-serving bias
an attribution error that assumes that our successes are earned and deserved but our failures are not our fault
Fundamental attribution error
an attribution error that assumes that other people’s behaviors are due to internal, stable causes
Self-concept
reflects your stable ideas about who you are
Identity
your self-concept
Quadrants of Johari Window Model (tool for self-awareness and communication)
open, hidden, blind, and unknown area
Open area
what you know, and choose to reveal to others, about yourself
Hidden area
what you know about yourself but choose not to reveal
Blind area
what others know about you, but you don’t recognize in yourself
Unknown area
the dimensions of yourself that you yourself and others don’t know
Self-monitoring
being aware of how we look, sound, and affect others, and the tendency toward self-monitoring ranges along a continuum from high to low
Self-fulfilling prophecies
describes how a person’s expectations or beliefs can influence their behavior and communication with others, leading to the prediction coming true
Self-esteem
your subjective evaluation of your value and worth as a person
What does high self-esteem help with?
communicate & build relationships or promote aggression & sexual risk-taking
Image management
adjusting our behavior to project a desired image; it’s collaborative. We manage multiple identities in general and online. Image management is complex.
What did Erving Goffman say about our face?
our desired public image
Facework
the behavior we use to project our desired public image to others
Three Face Needs (part of our image) that we manage:
Fellowship face (The need to be accepted and liked by others), Autonomy face (The need to be independent and avoid being controlled by others), and Competence face (The need to be respected and viewed as intelligent and competent.)
Face-threatening acts
Behaviors that threaten our face needs. Common in many socially marginalized populations
