Ch 3 - Our Fascinating Earth (3.1 - 3.4) Flashcards
What do we call the study of the earth and its structures?
geology
What do we call scientists who study the structure of the earth?
geologists
What do we call the outer layer of the earth?
the crust
What do we call the boundary between the crust and the mantle?
the Moho or Mohorovičić discontinuity
What do we call the innermost region of the earth?
core or inner core
What is made up of a mixture of broken-down rocks and decomposed plants and animals
soil
By what process is new soil formed?
weathering
What type of weathering is caused by ice, flowing water, or windblown sand?
physical weathering
What kind of weathering is caused by natural acids slowly eating into a rock and breaking it apart?
chemical weathering
What do you call underwater mountain ranges where plates of the earth’s crust are thought to be moving away from each other?
mid-oceanic ridges
Name the three main sections of the earth labelled below.
- crust
- mantle
- core
Describe the earth’s crust.
- outermost layer of the earth
- quite thin compared to the size of the earth
- much is covered by soil, sand, and other sediment
Describe the earth’s mantle.
- 2,900km thick
- makes up the largest portion of the earth’s interior
- it is very hot, and temperature increases with depth
- the rocks are weakened by the heat so that they slowly flow under pressure like warm plastic
Describe the earth’s core.
- innermost region of the earth
- divided into two sections: inner and outer core
- made up of metals rather than rock
Which part of the earth’s core is a solid and which part is liquid?
The inner core is solid and the outer core is liquid.
What are giant waves caused by earthquakes called?
tsunamis
What is the shaking or trembling of the earth’s crust called?
an earthquake
What is the study of earthquakes called?
seismology
What are scientists who study earthquakes called?
seismologists
What do you call the break that appears at the boundary between two moving masses of rock?
a fault