Ch 1 - Plentiful Plants (1.1 - 1.4) Flashcards by Katie Donovan

What is the process by which green plants use the energy of sunlight to change water and carbon dioxide into glucose for food?

Photosynthesis

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What are the little pores on the underside of a leaf called?

stomata (stoma)

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What do we call the structures that allow the stomata to open and close?

guard cells

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What is the green pigment that makes plants green called?

chlorophyll

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What are tiny packages of chlorophyll in plant cells called?

chloroplasts

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What is the name of the sugar that plants need to live?

glucose

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What are the three main structural parts of a leaf?

stem
vein
midrib

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What is the name of the waxy coating on a leaf that prevents water escaping?

cuticle

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What kind of leaves have a specific design for a specific function?

modified leaves

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What are some different types of modified leaves?

tendrils
spines
fleshy storage leaves
trapping leaves

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What do we call the colourful leaves surrounding certain flowers such as the dogwood and the poinsettia?

bract

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What type of plants trap and digest small insects?

insectivorous plants

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Name four insectivorous plants.

Venus’s-flytrap
bladderwort
pitcher plant
sundew

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What kind of insectivorous plant has hinged leaves that close like the jaws of a steel trap?

The Venus’s-flytrap

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What kind of insectivorous plant has hollow, bladder-like leaves filled with water?

Bladderwort

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What kind of insectivorous plant attracts insects with its bright colours and the aroma of its honeylike nectar?

The pitcher plant

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What kind of insectivorous plant attracts insects with glistening bait–its sticky “dewdrops”?

sundew

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What are the two systems of a plant?

root system
stem system

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What is the main job of a root?

The root’s main job is to absorb water and minerals.

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What is the one main root of a plant that goes particularly deep?

A taproot

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What is the layer of tough protective cells that protects the delicate root tip as the root pushes through the ground?

A root cap

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What are the tiny projections near the end of a root that help the root absorb water and minerals?

root hairs

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What is the name given to plants that never touch the ground?

epiphytes

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Give an example of two epiphytes.

vanilla plant
Spanish moss

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What tough, fibrous material forms a strong cell wall around each plant cell?

cellulose

What is the name given to a stem that grows along the surface of the ground?

A stolon (or a runner)

What word means a growth response of a plant to a condition in its environment?

tropism

A plant's response to gravity is called...

geotropism

A plant's response to water is called...

hydrotropism

A plant's response to light is called...

phototropism

A plant's response to touch is called...

thigmotropism

petal

sepal

stigma

stamens

ovary

ovule

pistil

What is the main function of the leaves?

To make food for the plant.

What is the main function of the stem?

To carry liquids from roots to leaves and back.

What is the main function of the veins in a leaf?

To transport liquids and reinforce the structure of the thin, fragile leaf.

What is the main function of the roots?

To absorb water and minerals for the plant's use and to anchor the plant in the soil.

What is the main function of the flower?

To form seeds.

What is the main function of the petals?

To attract bees or other creatures to a flower's seeds to develop fruit.

What is the main function of the ovary?

To hold one or more undeveloped seeds.

What is the main function of the stamens?

To make and hold pollen.

What is the main function of a bulb?

To store food during the growing season so that the plant can continue to live after the leaves, stem, and flowers have died.

What process involves a sperm cell from a pollen grain uniting with an egg cell stored inside an ovule?

Fertilization

What do we call the process of transferring pollen from the stamen to the pistil? Name three insects that commonly aid in this process.

Pollenisation Bees, flies, wasps, butterflies etc

What is a fruit?

A fruit is an ovary or anything that forms from the ovary of a flower.

What two things are necessary for a seed to sprout?

Moisture and warmth

Name the three parts of a seed.

embryo cotyledon seed coat

What do we call the minature, undeveloped plant located within a seed?

the embryo

What do we call the structure within a seed that contain stored food for the growing plant?

cotyledon

What do we call the part of the seed that covers and protects the embryo?

the seed coat

When a seed is alive but inactive, we say it is...

dormant

What is a scientist who studies plants called?

A botanist

Name five different plant families.

composite family pea family rose family lily family grass family

Which plant family is the largest?

The composite family

Why are some flowering plants called composites?

They are called composites because each flower is a combination of many smaller flowers.

What are some examples of composite plants?

daisies goldenrods thistles dandelions

What are the two types of flowers a composite may have?

ray flowers disk flowers

What are ray flowers?

Ray flowers are the petal-like part of a composite flower.

What are disk flowers?

Disk flowers are the individual flowers that make up the disk.

What is the second largest group of flowering plants?

Peas

What are members of the pea family called?

Legumes

How many petals do plants in the pea family have?

They have five petals: one large petal and four small petals.

How does fruit grow on plants in the pea family?

The fruit grows in the shape of pods, which eventually dry and split to release the seeds.

How many petals do flowers in the rose family produce?

Multiples of five.

Name some fruits that a members of the rose family.

blackberries raspberries strawberries apples peaches pears plums cherries

How many petals do flowers in the lily family have?

Multiples of three

What do most plants in the lily famly grow from?

Most plants in the lily family grow from bulbs.

What are some plants in the lily family?

tulips hyacinths tiger lily Easter lily aloe vera

Which plant family is the most important food-producing family?

The grass family

What are some members of the grass family?

wheat barley rye oats rice corn

What kind of flowers do grasses produce?

They produce small flowers.

What are the two parts of a grass leaf?

The two parts are the **blade** and the **sheath**.

Name three different kinds of grasses.

cereal grasses turf grasses woody grasses

What do we get from cereal grasses?

We get grains like wheat, rice, and corn.

What do we use turf grasses for?

We use turf grasses to cover areas like lawns, athletic fields, and golf courses. They beautify the land and help to protect it from erosion.

What are two different examples of woody grasses?

bamboo sugar cane