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PSYCH 100 > Ch. 3 - Neuroscience and Behavior > Flashcards

Ch. 3 - Neuroscience and Behavior Flashcards

1
Q

what is the nervous system

A

the pathway for the instructions that permit our bodies to carry out such precise activities

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2
Q

neurons

A

nerve cells - the basic components of the nervous system

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3
Q

how many neurons are in the body

A

as many as 1 trillion

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4
Q

glial cells

A

hold neurons in place

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5
Q

what makes neurons different

A

they can communicate with other cells and transmit information

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6
Q

dendrites

A

the part of the neuron that receives messages from other neurons

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7
Q

what do dendrites look like

A

twisted tree branches

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8
Q

axon

A

carries messages received by the dendrites to other neurons

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9
Q

terminal buttons

A

send messages to other neurons

-small bulge at the end of the axon

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10
Q

myelin sheath

A

insulate axons

-also increase the velocity at which electrical impulses travel thru axons

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11
Q

all or none law

A

neurons follow it..they are either off or they are firing

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12
Q

action potential

A

the electrical impulse that travels along the axon

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13
Q

mirror neurons

A

neurons that fire when a person simply observes another individual carrying out a behavior

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14
Q

synapse

A

space b/w 2 neurons where the axon communicates with the dendrite using chemical messages

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15
Q

neurotransmitter

A

carry a message from one neuron to another

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16
Q

excitatory messages

A

chemical messages that make it more likely that a receiving neuron will fire and an action potential will travel down its axon

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17
Q

inhibitory messages

A

provide chemical info that prevents or decreases the likelihood that the receiving neuron will fire

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18
Q

reuptake

A

the process in which a neurotransmitter produced by a terminal button is reabsorbed by the terminal button

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19
Q

acetylcholine (2 functions)

A

muscle movement, cognitive functioning (memory)

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20
Q

glutamate (1)

A

memory

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21
Q

GABA (3)

A

eating, aggression, sleeping

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22
Q

dopamine (4)

A

movement control, pleasure and reward, attention, learning

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23
Q

serotonin (5)

A

sleeping, eating, mood, pain, depression

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24
Q

endorphins (4)

A

pain suppression, pleasurable feelings, appetites, placebos

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25
Q

CNS (central nerv sys)

A

brain and spinal cord

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26
Q

spinal cord

A

contains bundle of neurons that leaves the brain and runs down length of back

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27
Q

what does the spinal cord do?

A

primary means for transmitting messages b/w the brain and the rest of the body

28
Q

reflex

A

automatic, involuntary response to an incoming stimulus

29
Q

sensory neurons (afferent)

A

transmit info FROM the perimeter of the body to the CNS

30
Q

motor neurons (efferent)

A

send messages from the brain and nervous sys to the muscles and glands

31
Q

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

A

branches out from the spinal cord and reaches the extremities of the body

32
Q

somatic division

A

PNS, specializes in voluntary movements

33
Q

autonomic division

A

PNS, controls parts of the body that automatically function to keep us alive

34
Q

sympathetic division

A

prepares the body for action in stressful situations

-fight or flight

35
Q

parasympathetic division

A

acts to calm the body after the emergency has ended

36
Q

hierarchically organized

A

newer and more sophisticated regions of the brain regulate the older parts of the Nerve Sys

37
Q

endocrine system

A

chemical communication network that sends messages thru the body vis the bloodstream

38
Q

what is the endocrine system’s job

A

to secrete hormones

39
Q

hormones

A

chemicals that circulate thru the blood and regulate the functioning or growth of the body

40
Q

pituitary gland

A

master gland, controls rest of endocrine system

41
Q

EEG

A

records electrical activity in the brain thru electrodes placed on the outside of the skull

42
Q

fMRI

A

3D image of brain structures and activity

43
Q

PET scan

A

biochemical activity w/in the brain

44
Q

TMS

A

to understand the functioning of the brain

45
Q

central core

A

“old brain”

46
Q

cerebellum

A

controls bodily balance

47
Q

reticular formation

A

general arousal of the body

48
Q

thalamus

A

relay station for info on the senses

49
Q

hypothalamus

A

maintains homeostasis

50
Q

homeostasis

A

steady internal environment for the body

51
Q

limbic system

A

emotions and self preservation

52
Q

hippocampus

A

learning and memory

53
Q

cerebral cortex

A

‘new brain’

- consists of the 4 lobes

54
Q

frontal lobe

A

motor area

55
Q

parietal lobe

A

somatosensory area (touch and pressure)

56
Q

temporal lobe

A

auditory area

57
Q

occipital lobe

A

visual area

58
Q

association area

A

site of higher mental processes such as thinking, language, memory, and speech

59
Q

executive functions

A

planning, goal setting, judgement, impulse control

60
Q

neuroplasticity

A

brains ability to change throughout the life span, in response to experience

61
Q

neurogenesis

A

new neurons are created in certain areas of the brain during adulthood

62
Q

left hemisphere

A

right side of body

  • language processing
  • piece by piece
63
Q

right hemisphere

A

left side of body

-globally understands info, as a whole

64
Q

a neuron has a negative electrical charge of 70 millivolts when…

A

its in a resting state

65
Q

the limbic system consists of two things…

A

amygdala and hippocampus

66
Q

SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors)

A

antidepressant drugs that permit certain neurotransmitters to remain active for a longer period at certain synapses in the brain

67
Q

optogenetics

A

genetic engineering and the use of special types of light to view circuits of neurons

PSYCH 100 (5 decks)

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