Ch. 1 - Intro to Psych Flashcards
psychology
scientific study of behavior and mental processes
behavioral genetics
studies the inheritance of traits related to behavior
-genes and chromosomes
behavioral neuroscience
biological basis of behavior
- how the brain, nerve system, and other biological aspects of the body determine behavior
clinical psychology
deals w/ the study, diagnosis, and treatment of psych disorders
clinical neuropsychology
focuses on the relationship b/w biological factors and psychological disorders
cognitive psych
focuses on the study of higher mental processes
counseling psych
focuses primarily on educational, social, and career adjustment problems
cross cultural psych
looks into similarities and differences in psychological functioning across different cultures and ethnicities
developmental psych
examines how ppl grow and change from the moment of conception to death
educational psych
concerned with teaching and learning processes
environmental psych
considers the relationship b/w ppl and their physical environment
evolutionary psych
considers how behavior is influenced by our genetic inheritance from our ancestors
experimental psych
studies the process of sensing, perceiving, learning, and thinking about the world
forensic psych
focuses on legal issues, such as determining the accuracy of a witness’ memory
health psych
explores the relationship b/w psychological factors and physical ailments or disease
industrial/organizational psych
concerned with the psych of the workplace
personality psych
focuses on the consistency in people’s behavior over time and the traits that differentiate one person from another
program evaluation
assessing large-scale programs to determine if they are effective in meeting their goals
psych of women
focuses on issues such as discrimination against women and causes of violence against women
school psych
devoted to counseling children in elementary and secondary schools who have academic or emotional problems
social psych
study of how ppl’s thoughts, feelings, and actions are affected by others
sport psych
applies psych to athletic activity and exercise
what do neuroscientists consider
how the body influences behavior
what are some of the higher mental processes included in cognitive psych (7 of them)?
thinking, memory, reasoning, problem solving, judging, decision making, and langua
what person does evolutionary psych stem from?
Charles Darwin
- natural selection
father of psych?
Wilhelm Wundt, set up lab in 1879
structuralism
uncovering the fundamental mental components of mental states and activities such as…
- perception
- consciousness
- thinking
- emotions
introspection
ppl presented with an image/sentence and asked to describe what they were experiencing
functionalism
what the mind DOES and how behavior FUNCTIONS
-early 1900s
William James led what movement
functionalist
gestalt psych
emphasizes how perception is organized
what are the five major perspectives
- neuroscience
- cognitive
- behavioral
- humanistic
- psychodynamic
neuroscience perspectives.
how ppl and nonhumans function biologically
psychodynamic perspective
behavior is motivated by inner forces and conflicts about which we have little control
freud is associated with what perspective?
psychodynamic
behavioral perspective
suggests the focus should be on external behavior that can be directly observed and measured objectively
-Watson
cognitive perspective
how ppl think, understand, and know about the world
humanistic perspective
all individuals strive to grow, develop and be in control of their own lives and behavior
nature vs nurture
genetics vs environment
conscious vs unconscious
aware vs not aware
observable behavior vs internal mental processes
outside vs inside
free will vs determinism
choices made freely vs factors beyond ppl’s willful control
Indiv differences vs universal principles
uniqueness of the individual vs reflecting culture and society
