Ch. 3 (Michelle) Flashcards
What is the rock cycle?
model that describes the formation, breakdown, and reformation of a rock as a result of sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic processes.
Difference between intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks?
Intrusive rocks have large, well-formed crystals. Examples include granite, gabbro, diorite and dunite.
Most extrusive (volcanic) rocks have small crystals. Examples include basalt, rhyolite, andesite, and obsidian.
Difference between mafic, felsic, and intermediate rocks?
Mafic rocks are darker and are composed of magnesium and iron.
Felsic are rich in elements that form feldspar and quartz.
Intermediate rocks are composed of the minerals amphibole and feldspar and contain a combination of light and dark minerals.
Identify the 6 basic igneous rock types (granite, rhyolite, andesite, diorite, basalt, gabbro)
Granite: a usually light-colored rock that is found in continental crust
Rhyolite: igneous, volcanic rock, It may have any texture from glassy to aphanitic to porphyritic.
Andesite: fine-grained…
Diorite: intrusive igneous rock. The chemical composition of diorite is intermediate, between that of mafic gabbro and felsic granite.
Basalt: a rock that makes up much of the ocean floor
Gabbro: coarse-grained, dark-colored, intrusive igneous rock. It is usually black or dark green in color and composed mainly of the minerals plagioclase and augite
What would cause an igneous rock to become fine-grained, coarse-grained, or porphyrytic?
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How does lithification of sedimentary rocks occur?
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How Bowen’s Reaction Series work?
Bowen determined that specific minerals form at specific temperatures as a magma cools. At the higher temperatures associated with mafic and intermediate magmas, the general progression can be separated into two branches.
How does magmatic differentiation work?
Any process that causes magma composition to change is called magmatic differentiation.
How do detrital sedimentary rocks form? Be able to identify the most common detrital rocks (shale, sandstone, conglomerate, breccia).
They are composed of rock fragments that have been weathered from pre-existing rocks. They are the most common rocks on the surface of the earth. … These grains of sediments are what get cemented together to form sedimentary rocks.
How do chemical sedimentary rocks form? Be able to identify the most common chemical sedimentary rocks (e.g. limestone, chert, coal).
They form by precipitation of minerals from water. Precipitation is when dissolved materials come out of water. For example: Take a glass of water and pour some salt (halite) into it. The salt will dissolve into the water.
How do metamorphic rocks form?
When rocks are close to some molten magma, and so get heated up. However, they do not form from melting rocks.
Identify the most common metamorphic rocks and their parent rocks (gneiss, schist, slate, phyllite, quartzite, and marble)
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What is the difference between regional metamorphism and contact metamorphism?
Contact metamorphism is a type of metamorphism where rock minerals and texture are changed, mainly by heat, due to contact with magma. Regional metamorphism is a type of metamorphism where rock minerals and texture are changed by heat and pressure over a wide area or region.
