Ch. 10 (Matt) Flashcards
Basic geologic features that form as a result of the forces generated by the interactions of tectonic plates are called?
Rock Structures
General term that refers to the changes in the shape or position of a rock body in response to differential
Deformation
when stress is applied uniformly in all directions.
Confining pressure
when stress is applied unequally in different directions.
Differential stress
differential stress that squeezes a rock mass as if placed in a vise
Compressional stress
What is Tentional stress?
differential stress that pulls apart or elongates rock bodies
What is Shear stress?
differential stress that can also cause rock to shear, which involves the movement of one part of a rock body past another
What is Strain in geologic terms?
Differential stresses can also change the shape of a rock body
What does Elastic deformation mean?
when stress is applied gradually, the rock deforms elastically, like a rubber band, the rock will snap back into place when the stress is removed
What does Brittle deformation mean?
When the elastic limit is surpassed, the rock will break into smaller pieces
What are Folds?
sedimentary and volcanic rocks that often bend into a series of wavelike undulations
What are Anticlines?
usually arise by upfolding, or arching, of sedimentary layers
What are Synclines?
typically associated with Anticlines, are downfolds, or troughs
What is a Dome?
When unwarping produces a circular or slightly elongated structure.
What are Basins?
Downwarped structures that have gently sloping beds similar to a saucer or bowl