Ch. 10 (Matt) Flashcards

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1
Q

Basic geologic features that form as a result of the forces generated by the interactions of tectonic plates are called?

A

Rock Structures

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2
Q

General term that refers to the changes in the shape or position of a rock body in response to differential

A

Deformation

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3
Q

when stress is applied uniformly in all directions.

A

Confining pressure

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4
Q

when stress is applied unequally in different directions.

A

Differential stress

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5
Q

differential stress that squeezes a rock mass as if placed in a vise

A

Compressional stress

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6
Q

What is Tentional stress?

A

differential stress that pulls apart or elongates rock bodies

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7
Q

What is Shear stress?

A

differential stress that can also cause rock to shear, which involves the movement of one part of a rock body past another

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8
Q

What is Strain in geologic terms?

A

Differential stresses can also change the shape of a rock body

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9
Q

What does Elastic deformation mean?

A

when stress is applied gradually, the rock deforms elastically, like a rubber band, the rock will snap back into place when the stress is removed

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10
Q

What does Brittle deformation mean?

A

When the elastic limit is surpassed, the rock will break into smaller pieces

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11
Q

What are Folds?

A

sedimentary and volcanic rocks that often bend into a series of wavelike undulations

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12
Q

What are Anticlines?

A

usually arise by upfolding, or arching, of sedimentary layers

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13
Q

What are Synclines?

A

typically associated with Anticlines, are downfolds, or troughs

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14
Q

What is a Dome?

A

When unwarping produces a circular or slightly elongated structure.

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15
Q

What are Basins?

A

Downwarped structures that have gently sloping beds similar to a saucer or bowl

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16
Q

What are Monoclines?

A

Large, step-like folds in otherwise horizontal sedimentary strata

17
Q

What are Faults?

A

Form where brittle deformation leads to fracturing and displacement of Earth’s crust

18
Q

What are Dip-slip faults?

A

Faults in which movement is primarily parallel to the inclination of the fault surface

19
Q

What are Fault scarps?

A

Vertical displacement along dip-slip faults, tend to produce long, low cliffs

20
Q

What are Joints?

A

Fractures along which no appreciable displacement has occurred.