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Earth Science > Ch. 2 (Taylor) > Flashcards

Ch. 2 (Taylor) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Know the definition of minerals

A

naturally occurring, solid, orderly crystalline structure, well defined chemical composition, generally inorganic, can be represented by a chemical formula, not a rock

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2
Q

Know the different physical properties of minerals (e.g. luster, hardness…), and how those properties are used to identify minerals.

A

Luster, habit, color, streak, hardness, cleavage, tenacity, fracture, taste, density, smell, feel, magnetism, double refraction, reaction to hydrochloric acid

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3
Q

Definition of luster, and different types

A

appearance in reflected light

Types: Metallic or Non-metallic ( vitreous, dull/earthy, pearly, silky, greasy)

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4
Q

Major Mineral Group: Silicates

A 
always contains the element silicon 
forms a tetrahedra compound 
most common mineral group 
Silicate Groups: olivine, pyroxene, amphibole
Mica Group
Feldspar Group
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5
Q

Know the 8 most common mineral forming elements

A 
oxygen (O) 
sillicon ( Si) 
Aluminum (Al) 
Iron (Fe) 
Calcium (Ca) 
Sodium (Na) 
Potassium (K)
Magnesium (Mg)
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6
Q

Definition of Habit and different types

A 
common crystal shape
Types: 
bladed (flat, elongated strips) 
fibrous (hair-like shape) 
tabular (tablet/book shaped) 
granular (Many small crystals lumped together) 
blocky (block/square shaped) 
banded (layered appearance)
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7
Q

Definition of streak

A

the color of a mineral in powdered form, when rubbed against a streak plate

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8
Q

Definition of Hardness and how to rate it

A

ability to resist scratching or abrasion
rated on the Mohs Scale (1-10)
1= not very resistant to scratching
10= very resistant to scratching

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9
Q

Definition of Cleavage

A

tendency to break along planes of weak bonding

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10
Q

Definition of tenacity and types

A

resistance to breaking or deforming when bent
Types:
brittle (shatters when struck with object)
malleable/ductile (will bend and re-shape when struck)
sectile (layers can be separated with a knife)
elastic (ability to bend without breaking)

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11
Q

Definition of fracture

A

random pattern of breakage

no cleavage

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12
Q

What are the Non-Silicate Mineral Groups

A

carbonates, halides, sulfides, sulfates, oxides, native elements (gold, silver)

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13
Q

What are Carbonates

A

contains CO3

includes calcite, dolomite, and aragonite

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14
Q

What are Halides

A

formed by evaporation

includes halite

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15
Q

What are Sulfides

A

contain S2
associated with metals deposits
includes galena, and pyrite

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16
Q

What are Sulfates

A

contain SO4

includes gypsum and anhydrite

17
Q

What are Oxides

A

contain O2
can be associated with metals deposits
includes corundum

18
Q

What are Native Elements

A

metals

gold, silver, copper, iron, lead, zinc

Earth Science (12 decks)

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