Ch 3: Memory and Learning

Question 1

habituation

Answer 1

process of becoming used to a stimulus

Question 2

dishabituation

Answer 2

second stimulus intervenes, causing a re-sensitization to the original stimulus

Question 3

associative learning

Answer 3

way of pairing together stimuli and responses, or behaviors and consequences

Question 4

classical conditioning

Answer 4

unconditioned stimulus that produces an instinctive, unconditioned response is paired with a neutral stimulus. with repetition the neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus that produces a conditional response

Question 5

operant conditioning

Answer 5

behavior is changed through the use of consequences

Question 6

reinforcement

Answer 6

increases the likelihood of a behavior

Question 7

punishment

Answer 7

decreases the likelihood of a behavior

Question 8

encoding

Answer 8

process of putting new information into memory

Question 9

encoding can be ___ or ____

Answer 9

automatic

effortful

Question 10

____ coding is stronger than both acoustic and visual coding

Answer 10

semantic

Question 11

___ and ____ are transient and are based on neurotransmitter activity; ____ requires short-term memory, attention, and executive function to manipulate information

Answer 11

sensory and short term memory

working memory

Question 12

long-term memory requires

Answer 12

elaborative rehearsal and is the result of increased neuronal connectivity

Question 13

explicit (declarative) memory

Answer 13

stores facts and stories

Question 14

implicit (nondeclarative) memory

Answer 14

stores skills and conditioning effects

Question 15

facts are stored via

Answer 15

semantic networks

Question 16

recognition

Answer 16

of information is stronger than recall

Question 17

retrieval of information is based on

Answer 17

priming interconnected nodes of the semantic network

Question 18

alzheimers disease, korsakoffs syndrome, agnosia;decay;interference can all

Answer 18

be contributed to memory loss

Question 19

learning and memory rely on changes in brain chemistry and physiology, the extent of which depends on _____, which decreases with age

Answer 19

neuroplasticity

Question 20

long-term potentiation

Answer 20

responsible for the conversion of short-term to long-term memory, is the strengthening of neuronal connections resulting from increased neurotransmitter release and adding of receptor sites