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Behavioral Sciences > Ch 1: Biology and Behavior > Flashcards

Ch 1: Biology and Behavior Flashcards

1
Q

Forebrain - contains the

A

Diencephalon & Telencephalon

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2
Q

Diencephalon (in the forebrain) - contains the

A

Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Posterior Pituitary
Pineal Gland

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3
Q

Telencephalon (in the forebrain) - contains the

A

Basal Ganglia
Limbic System
Cerebral Cortex

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4
Q

Midbrain - contains the

A

Inferior colliculi & Superior colliculi

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5
Q

Hindbrain - contains the

A

Cerebellum
Medulla Oblongata
Pons

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6
Q

Nervous System splits into

A

CNS (central nervous system)

PNS (peripheral nervous system)

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7
Q

CNS splits into

A

Brain

Spinal Cord

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8
Q

PNS splits into

A

Somatic

Automatic (Parasympathetic & Sympathetic)

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9
Q

Sympathetic (NS branch)

A

Fight or Flight

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10
Q

Parasympathetic (NS branch)

A

Rest and Digest

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11
Q

Nerve Cells in the Nervous System travel -

A 
Sensory Neurons (afferent) to
Interneurons (skipped by Reflex Arcs) to
Motor Neurons (efferent)
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12
Q

Somatic (NS branch)

A

sensory and motor neurons in joints, skin, and muscles

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13
Q

Autonomic (NS branch)

A

manages involuntary muscles

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14
Q

Peripheral (NS branch)

A

nerve tissues and fibers outside the brain and spinal cord

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15
Q

Central (NS branch)

A

brain and spinal cord

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16
Q

Hindbrain (Rhombencephalon)

A

balance, motor coordination, breathing, digestion

Metencephalon & Myelencephalon

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17
Q

Pons

A

relays information and regulates sleep

Hindbrain - Sleep Pon’ the Bed

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18
Q

Medulla Oblongata

A

regulates breathing, heartbeat, and blood pressure

Hindbrain - Gata Breath!

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19
Q

Cerebellum

A

Posture, balance, body movements

Hindbrain - Bella Balance

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20
Q

Inferior Colliculus

A

receives auditory sensory information

Midbrain

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21
Q

Superior Colliculus

A

receives visual sensory input

Midbrain - Superman has Superior Vision

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22
Q

EEG

A

electrodes to detect electrical activity

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23
Q

Hypothalamus

A

regulates homeostasis, emotional experience, endocrine function, autonomic system
Forebrain - 4 F’s for functions (Feeding, Fighting, Flighting, Sexual Functioning)

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24
Q

Hypothalamus - contains the

A 
Lateral Hypothalamus (LH)
Ventromedial Hypothalamus (VH)
Anterior Hypothalamus
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25
Q

Lateral Hypothalamus (LH)

A

triggers eating and drinking

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26
Q

Ventromedial Hypothalamus (VH)

A

satiety center

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27
Q

Anterior Hypothalamus

A

controls sexual behavior

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28
Q

Thalamus

A

relay station for sensory information

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29
Q

Posterior Pituitary

A

releases ADH and Ocytocin

Forebrain, Diencephalon

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30
Q

Pineal Gland

A

biological rhythms and melatonin

Forebrain, Diencephalon

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31
Q

Basal Ganglia

A

coordiate muscle function to smooth muscle, steady posture, and relay to CNS

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32
Q

Limbic System - contains the

A

Amygdala, Hippocampus, and septal nuclei

Forebrain, Telencephalon

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33
Q

Amygdala

A

important for emotion and memory

in Limbic System

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34
Q

Hippocampus

A

important for memory and learning

in Limbic System; Hippos are like elephants and elephants never forget

35
Q

Regional Cerebral Blood Flow (rCBF)

A

detect blood flow to parts of the brain

36
Q

Cerebral Cortex

A

perceptual and cognitive processes

4 lobes; frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal

37
Q

Frontal Lobe of CC

A

executive functions, impulse control, long-term planning, motor function, speech production

38
Q

Parietal Lobe of CC

A

sensations of touch, pressure, temperature, and pain; spatial processing, orientation, manipulation

39
Q

Occipital Lobe of CC

A

visual processing

40
Q

Temporal Lobe of CC

A

sound processing, speech perception, memory, and emotion

41
Q

Left side hearing on the Left side of brain is

A

Ipsilateral

42
Q

Right side movement on Left side of brain is

A

Contralateral

43
Q

Neurotransmitters in the CNS are

A

Dopamine
Serotonin
GABA
Endorphins

44
Q

Neurotransmitters in the PNS are

A

Epinephrine

Norepinephrine

45
Q

Neurotransmitters in both the CNS and PNS are

A

Acetylcholine

46
Q

Dopamine CNS

A

reward circuit CNS also maintains smooth muscle and steady posture

47
Q

Serotonin CNS

A

mood, sleep, eating, and dreaming

48
Q

GABA CNS

A

brain “stabilizer”

49
Q

Endorphins CNS

A

painkillers, slower and longer effects

50
Q

Acetylcholine CNS/PNS

A

Voluntary muscle control PNS- somatic

attention and arousal CNS

51
Q

Epinephrine PNS

A

fight or flight responses; acts hormone

52
Q

Norepinephrine PNS

A

wakefulness and alertness; acts neurotransmitter

53
Q

Pituitary Gland

A

secretes hormones that influence behavior

54
Q

Adrenal Medulla

A

endocrine organ above the kidneys that releases epinephrine and norepinephrine that cause physiological changes associated with the sympathetic system

55
Q

Adrenal Cortex

A

endocrine organ above the kidneys that produces cortisol and sex hormones

56
Q

Gonads

A

ovaries and testes that produce estrogen and testosterone

57
Q

Endocrine System

A

hormones that communicate to different parts of the body

58
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

chemical controls on behavior

59
Q

Cortisol

A

stress hormone released by the adrenal cortex

60
Q

Endocrine system is tied to the Nervous system through

A

hypothalamus, anterior pituitary, and few other hormones

61
Q

Hypophyseal Portal System

A

connects hypothalamus and anterior pituitary which integrates NS with endocrine system

62
Q

Nervous System develops through

A

Neurulation

63
Q

Neurulation

A

notochord stimulates overlying ectoderm to fold, creating a neural tube topped with neural crest cells

64
Q

Neural Tube

A

becomes CNS

65
Q

Neural Crest

A

cells spread out throughout body differentiating into many different tissues

66
Q

Rooting reflex

A

infants turn head toward anything that brushes cheek

67
Q

Moro reflex

A

infant extends arm, slowly retracts, cries to a sensation of falling

68
Q

Babinski reflex

A

big toe extends and other toes fan in response to the brushing of the sole of the foot

69
Q

grasping relfex

A

infant grabs anything put into hands

70
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

connects left and right brain hemispheres

71
Q

Basal Ganglia Malfunctions

A

OCD, Parkinsons, Scitzo

72
Q

Franz Gall

A

Phrenology

73
Q

Pierre Flourens

A

Extirpation

74
Q

John Dewey and William James

A

Functionalism

75
Q

Paul Broca

A

Broca’s Area

76
Q

Hermann von Helmholtz

A

speed of nerve impulses

77
Q

Sir Charles Sherington

A

synapses existence

78
Q

Phrenology

A

particular trait well-developed would expand

79
Q

Extirpation/Ablation

A

surgically removing parts of brain

80
Q

Functionalism

A

mental processes how individuals adapt to environment

81
Q

Broca’s Area

A

inability to talk linked to lesion in area on left side brain

82
Q

Septal Nuclei

A

involved in feelings of pleasure, pleasure-seeking behavior, and addiction

83
Q

Fornix

A

allows hippocampus to communicate with other parts of the limbic system

84
Q

Enkephalins

A

pain killer

Behavioral Sciences (4 decks)

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