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2020 Certified Specialist of Wine (CSW) > CH 3 - Grape Varieties > Flashcards

CH 3 - Grape Varieties Flashcards

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1
Q

As a vine, grapes belong to the genus ______

A

Vitis

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2
Q

What species of grapes is used widespread in commercial winemaking?

A

Vitis vinifera

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3
Q

Vinifera vines were originally developed in what region?

A

Caucasus Mountains region between Europe and Asia

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4
Q

Vine subspecies are more commonly called _____ ______

A

Grape varieties (thousands of them are recorded)

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5
Q

What is the 2nd most important grape species?

A

Vitis labrusca

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6
Q

What is produced using Vitis labrusca?

A

Table juice for fresh consumption or unfermented grape juice

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7
Q

What are North American vines resistant to?

A

The aphid-like insect phylloxera

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8
Q

The vinifera part of the vine, known as the _____, could be grafted onto the trunk, or rootstock, of North America vines to achieve a phylloxera resistant vine

A

Scion

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9
Q

A _____ is a scientific grouping of plants or animals that are genetically similar, have broad characteristics in common, and can produce viable offspring through sexual reproduction

A

Species

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10
Q

A ______ is a subspecies. They are an identifiable group of vines of the same species that share many characteristics of appearance, flavor and growth

A

Variety

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11
Q

What are examples of grapevine species?

A

Vinifera and labrusca

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12
Q

What are examples of grape varieties?

A

Chardonnay and Syrah

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13
Q

The term _____ means grapes that are slightly different from their parent

A

Clone

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14
Q

What is it called when an asexually reproduced grapevines are planted in new surroundings, and slight genetic variations occur as the plant modifies itself to adapt to its new conditions

A

Clone

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15
Q

If a new vine shows a consistent distinction from its parent, it may be determined to be a new ______

A

Clone

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16
Q

New _____ have a new name or number assigned to the grape

A

Clone

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17
Q

A ______ is derived from a vine that has developed different characteristics from its parents or fellow clones through the imperfect reproduction of cells as its grows

A

Mutation

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18
Q

What 2 wines are considered mutant strains of Point Noir?

A

Pinot Blanc and Pinot Gris

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19
Q

A _____ is the offspring of sexual reproduction between different species.

A

Cross or crossing

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20
Q

What wine is a cross between Cabernet Franc and Sauvignon Blanc?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon

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21
Q

A ______ is the result of sexual reproduction between 2 closely related but different species such as Vitis vinifera and Vitis labrusca

A

Hybrid

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22
Q

What are some examples of Hybrid wines?

A

Seyval Blanc, Vidal Blanc and Baco Noir

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23
Q

What white grape is often distilled into Brandy?

A

Airen

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24
Q

What is one of the most widely grown white grapes that most consumers haven’t heard of?

A

Airen

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25
Q

What are a select group of grape varieties that thrive in a wide range of growing conditions and are grown in many areas throughout the world called?

A

International varieites

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26
Q

What are some examples of an International Varieties

A

Cabernet Sauvignon, Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay, Merlot and Malbec

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27
Q

Grapes that are planted in their native area are referred to as what?

A

Traditional, native or indigenous

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28
Q

The term ___________ refers to indigenous grapes that are the result of natural cross-breeding or natural mutation in a specific area

A

Autochthonous

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29
Q

What is an example of an indigenous grape?

A

Nebbiolo

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30
Q

Chardonnay is thought to be indigenous to what region in France?

A

Burgundy

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31
Q

What other region is Chardonnay an important variety for?

A

Champagne - for use in sparkling wines

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32
Q

Winegrowers around the world have planted Chardonnay in ______ climates to produce a similar style to those produced in Burgundy

A

Cooler

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33
Q

What characteristics will a Chardonnay have in a warmer climate?

A

Ripe tropical fruit flavors, high alcohol and considerable body

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34
Q

What characteristics will a Chardonnay have in a cooler climate?

A

Citrus flavors, green fruit aromas, crisp acidity, light to medium body

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35
Q

Chardonnay is one of the grapes that benefits from interaction with oak. True or false?

A

True

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36
Q

What are some well known examples of Chardonnay?

A

White Burgundy, Champagne, California Style new world versions

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37
Q

What are the top producing countries for Chardonnay

A

France, US, Australia

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38
Q

What are the characteristic aromas for Chardonnay?

A

green apple, melon, pears (cool climate), tropical fruit (warm climate), butter (malolactic fermentation), vanilla, butterscotch, caramel, toast (oak-aged)

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39
Q

What is the acidity and alcohol in Chardonnay?

A

Medium to high acidity; Medium to high alcohol

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40
Q

Which grape variety is one of the most versatile grapes?

A

Chenin Blanc

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41
Q

Chenin Blanc has _____ acidity when grown in a cool climate

A

High

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42
Q

In still Chenin Blanc wines, a little ______ _______ is often used to take the edge off the sharp acidity

A

Residual sugar

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43
Q

Which grape can make a great late-harvest, botrytis affected dessert wine that can last for decades

A

Chenin Blanc

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44
Q

Where is France does Chenin Blanc grow?

A

Loire Valley

45
Q

Chenin Blanc is the most widely planted grape in which country?

A

South Africa

46
Q

What percentage represents all the Chenin Blanc grown in South Africa?

A

18%

47
Q

What region in California also grows Chenin Blanc?

A

California’s Central Valley

48
Q

What are some well known examples of Chenin Blanc?

A

Vouvray, Savennieres, Saumur

49
Q

What are the top producing countries for Chenin Blanc?

A

South Africa, France, US

50
Q

What are the characteristics of Chenin Blanc?

A

Green apple, yellow pear, melon, green plum, citrus, almond, white flowers, chamomile tea; honey and quince (aged)

51
Q

______ is an ancient grape variety that has been carried to nearly every wine region in the world

A

Muscat

52
Q

What type of wine is Muscat generally used to produce?

A

Sweet wines

53
Q

Muscat has mutated several times, what are the most prevalent and well known member

A

Muscat Blanc a Petits Grains (white Muscat with small berries), Muscat of Alexandria, Muscat Ottonel

54
Q

All Muscats share a characteristic powerful _____ aroma and the scent of fresh white ______

A

Floral, grapes

55
Q

Most muscats perform best in ______ climates

A

Warm to hot

56
Q

Which Muscat variety does better in cooler climates?

A

Ottonel variety

57
Q

What are some examples of a dessert Muscat and what country are they produced in?

A

Vins doux naturels (Southern France); Rutherglen Muscats (Australia); Moscatels (south of Spain)

58
Q

What popular Muscat-based sparkling wine comes from northwestern Italy?

A

Moscato d’Asti

59
Q

What are the top producing countries for Muscat?

A

Italy, France, Chile, Australia

60
Q

What are the characteristics of Muscat?

A

Musk, honey, orange blossom, floral, apricot, table grapes

61
Q

What is the acidity and alcohol in Mustcat?

A

Acidity is low to medium, Alcohol is medium to high

62
Q

Pinot Grigio and Pinot Gris are a mutation of what grape?

A

Pinot Noir

63
Q

What does Pinot Grigio and Pinot Gris mean?

A

Gray Pinot

64
Q

Where is the Pinot Gris style of wine produced?

A

Alsace, France; Oregon

65
Q

The cool climate Pinot Gris of France and Oregon has what characteristics?

A

Med+ acidity, med to full body, neutral aromas of apple, pear, almond; sometimes moderate amount of residual sugar

66
Q

What are the 2 names given to Pinot Gris style wines produced in Germany?

A

Rulander and Grauburgunder

67
Q

What are the characteristics of a warmer climate Pinot Grigio?

A

med- acidity and higher alcohol, dry, unoaked, some can be aromatic and lees-aged

68
Q

What are well-known examples of Pinot Grigio / Pinot Gris?

A

Northeastern Italy, Alsace, Oregon

69
Q

What are the top producing countries for Pinot Grigio / Pinot Gris?

A

Italy, US, Germany, France, Australia

70
Q

What are the characteristics of Pinot Grigio / Pinot Gris?

A

Apple, lemon, melon, peach, minerals, almond

71
Q

What is the acidity and alcohol of Pinot Grigio / Pinot Gris?

A

Low to high acidity; Medium alcohol

72
Q

Which country is Riesling indigenous to?

A

Germany

73
Q

What are the aroma characteristics that are common to Riesling?

A

Highly aromatic and a unique petrol scent

74
Q

What is the sweetness spectrum for Riesling?

A

From dry, off-day or medium sweetness

75
Q

How is the high acidity of Riesling balanced?

A

By adding some residual sugar

76
Q

Why are Rieslings some of the most long lived white wines?

A

With the high acidity and balancing residual sugar, they have a preservative effect

77
Q

Are White Riesling and Missouri Riesling related to Riesling?

A

White Riesling is a synonym for true Riesling; Missouri Riesling is unrelated

78
Q

What are some well known examples of Riesling?

A

Mosel, Rheingau, Rheinhessen, Pfalz, Alsace, Frace; Clare and Eden Valleys in Australia, Finger Lakes in New Work, Washington State

79
Q

What are the top producing countries for Riesling?

A

Germany, Australia, France, US

80
Q

What are the characteristics of Riesling?

A

Lime, peach, nectarine, apricot, honeysuckle, wet stone, petrol (depending on ripeness and bottle age), baking spices (well aged)

81
Q

What are the acidity and alcohol of Rielsing?

A

High to very high acidity; Very low to high alcohol

82
Q

Common term for grape subspecies

A

Variety

83
Q

Cabernet Franc X Sauvignon Blanc

A

Cabernet Sauvignon

84
Q

Offspring created via typical reproduction of two grapes within the same species

A

Cross (Crossing)

85
Q

Major white grape of Burgundy

A

Chardonnay

86
Q

South African nickname for Chenin Blanc

A

Steen

87
Q

Leading red grape of Burgundy

A

Pinot Noir

88
Q

Offspring created via typical reproduction of closely related but different species

A

Hybrid

89
Q

What grape used in the sweet wines of Rutherglen

A

Muscat

90
Q

Leading white grape of the Clare Valley

A

Riesling

91
Q

Major white grape of Champagne

A

Chardonnay

92
Q

Also known as Grauburgunder

A

Pinot Gris

93
Q

White grape of Sancerre

A

Sauvignon Blanc

94
Q

Red grape of Cahors

A

Malbec

95
Q

Term created by Robert Mondavi for Sauvignon Blanc

A

Fume Blanc

96
Q

Also known as Tinta Roriz

A

Tempranillo

97
Q

Leading white grape of Hunter Valley

A

Semillon

98
Q

Grape used in Barolo

A

Nebbiolo

99
Q

Also known as Weissburgunder

A

Pinot Blanc (Pinot Bianco)

100
Q

Predominant variety of the Cognac Region

A

Ugni Blanc (Trebbiano Toscano)

101
Q

Grape known for “jammy” blackberry flavors (somewhat unique to California)

A

Zinfandel

102
Q

Grape variety of Savennieres

A

Chenin Blanc

103
Q

Grape variety of Chinon

A

Cabernet Franc

104
Q

White grape variety (grown in a few places, including Aslace) with aromas of flowers, perfume and lychee

A

Gewurztraminer

105
Q

Also known as Cannonau

A

Grenache

106
Q

Leading red grape of Tuscany

A

Sangiovese

107
Q

Homeland for Chasselas

A

Switzerland

108
Q

Three grapes of the G-S-M blend

A

Grenache-Syrah-Mourvedre

2020 Certified Specialist of Wine (CSW) (23 decks)

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