CH 2 - Wine Faults Flashcards
Wines with a musty, moldy odor (similar to dank basement) are referred to as what?
Corked or cork taint
What is the culprit of cork taint?
A mold
Where can the mold that causes cork taint grow?
On or in the cork oak tree, on the winemaking implements or in the winery itself
When the mold interacts with other compounds, what chemical is generated?
2,4,6-trichloroanisole (TCA)
What percentage of bottles are reported to be affected by cork taint?
From 1 - 8% of bottles produced each year
While some people cannot smell TCA at all, most can detect at concentrations of ___ to ____ parts per trillion
2 to 7 parts per trillion
Which sulfur compound, at high concentrations, causes a burnt match smel?
Sulfur dioxide
What sensation can sulfur dioxide cause?
An unpleasant burning sensation in the throat and nose
The ____ acidic the wine, the ____ pronounced the sulfur dioxide will be
More, more
Which sulfur compound causes an odor of rotten eggs?
Hydrogen sulfide
When a sulfur-rich wine sits too long in the complete absence of oxygen, what sulfur compound is created?
Hydrogen sulfide
Hydrogen sulfide is created when wine rests in a barrel or tank for a long time with a large amount of _____ _______ in the bottom
Yeast sediment
Ethyl Mercaptan is a combination of Sulfur and which alcohol?
Ethanol
What kind of odor does Mercaptan create in wine?
Garlic or onions odor
What is Mercaptan added to to help detect a leak?
Natural gas
Most ______ cannot survive in the highly acidic environment that is wine
Bacteria
What 2 bacteria’s can survive the acidic environment of wine?
Lactic bacteria and acetobacter
What bacteria is responsible for malolactic fermentation?
Lactic bacteria
What does acetobacter convert alcohol into?
Acetic acid
What odor does acetic acid have?
Vinegar
The term _______ may be used to refer to a fault evidenced in a wine with discernible volatile acidity accompanied by a high level of ethyl acedate
Ascensence
What bacteria compound creates a rancid butter or spoiled cheese odor?
Butyric acid
What smell does lactic acid create in wine?
Sauerkraut or a goat
What odor does ethyl acetate create in wine?
Nail polish remover or model airplane glue
What bacteria compound creates an odor like crushed geranium leaves?
Geranium
Incomplete malolactic fermentation or improper breakdown of the preservative sorbic acid, causes which odor in wine?
An odor of crushed geranium leaves
What is the short form for Brettanomyces?
Brett
What odor does Brett cause in wine?
Sweaty or horsey odor; Band-Aid-like or medicinal
What is a green odor or odor of leaves usually the result of?
Using immature (underripe) grapes
What is the resulting chemical that a oxidative reaction may create?
Acetaldehyde
The nutty, caramelized character of oxidation is the classic aroma associated with which type of wine?
Fino Sherry
What kind of odor does maderized wine have?
A cooked or baked odor
What is the maderized odors of cooked or baked a result of?
Excessive heating or oxidation
What kind of wine are maderized odors of cooked or baked acceptable in?
Madeira wines that are deliberately heated
What is a moldy odor in wine a result of?
The use of moldy grapes or moldy barrels
The odor of ______ is sometimes associated with very low-acid wines or excess sulfur
Rubber
What is a stale water odor called?
Stagnant
What is a bitter and green odor called and what is it a result of?
Stemmy, grape stems
A papery chemical odor, frequently associated with cor taint or the misuse of filter pads or filtering material is called?
Wet cardboard
A pronounced odor of _____ may develop if dead yeast cells remain in contact with the wine for too long
Yeast
What does the terms reduction or reductive refer to?
A smell of rotten eggs, garlic, struck matches, cabbage or burnt rubber
The odors of rotten eggs, garlic, struck matches, cabbage or burnt rubber occur in what is known as reductive conditions. What is it the lack of?
Oxygen
Substance that an smell like onions or garlic
Mercaptan
Wine fault that smells of nail polish remover
Ethyl Acetate
Bacteria that can turn wine into vinegar
Acetobacter
Provides “oxidized” aromas of Sherry
Acetaldehydes
Can lead to aromas such as: Band-aid, Horsy or Sweaty
Brett (Brettanomyces)
Two possible causes of germanium fault
Incomplete malolactic fermentation
Improper breakdown of sorbic acid
Conditions that lack oxygen
Reduction / Reductive
