Ch 3: Elements & Periodic Table

Question 1

Au (Name the Element)

Answer 1

Gold

Question 2

Bi (Name the Element)

Answer 2

Bismuth

Question 3

C (Name the Element)

Answer 3

Carbon

Question 4

Co (Name the Element)

Answer 4

Cobalt

Question 5

Cu (Name the Element)

Answer 5

Copper

Question 6

Fe (Name the Element)

Answer 6

Iron

Question 7

Hg (Name the Element)

Answer 7

Mercury

Question 8

N (Name the Element)

Answer 8

Nitrogen

Question 9

Na (Name the Element)

Answer 9

Sodium

Question 10

P (Name the Element)

Answer 10

Phosphorus

Question 11

Pb (Name the Element)

Answer 11

Lead

Question 12

S (Name the Element)

Answer 12

Sulfur

Question 13

Se (Name the Element)

Answer 13

Selenium

Question 14

Sn (Name the Element)

Answer 14

Tin

Question 15

W (Name the Element)

Answer 15

Tungsten

Question 16

Z (Name the Element)

Answer 16

Zinc

Question 17

Define: Chemical Nomenclature

Answer 17

The standard system used to name chemicals elements and compounds

Question 18

Define: Atomic number

Answer 18

Equal to the number of protons in a nucleus of an atom.

Question 19

Define: Atomic weight

Answer 19

Equal to average of atomic masses (protons + neutrons) of an elements natural isotopes

Question 20

Define: Element

Answer 20

A pure sample with all the same kinds of atoms and which cannot be separated into simpler components.

Question 21

What class of elements is represented in groups IA - IIB and IIIB - VIIIB?

Answer 21

Representative elements

Question 22

What class of elements is group VIIIB?

Answer 22

noble or inert gases

Question 23

What kind of metals are in group IA? What are their characteristics?

Answer 23

Alkali metals like lithium and potassium. Soft metals (except H) which reactive violently with water and air. Frequently stored in oil to prevent explosions.

Question 24

What kind of metals are in group IIA? What are their characteristics?

Answer 24

Alkaline earth metals like beryllium and strontium. Also chemically reactive.

Question 25

What kind of metals are in group VIA? Where does the name come from and why?

Answer 25

Chalcogens include oxygen and sulfur. Comes from the Greek cholkos, meaning ore. Many ores contain varying amounts of oxygen and sulfur.

Question 26

What is a period on the table of elements?

Answer 26

Chemical elements in horizontal rows

Question 27

What are groups on the periodic table?

Answer 27

Vertical elements in a column

Question 28

Define: metallurgy

Answer 28

The science of metals and their properties including purification methods, reactions and the formation of useful alloys

Question 29

Define: metals

Answer 29

An element or alloy that can be pulled into thin wires and/or pounded into sheets (ductile and/or mailable). Usually solid at room temp aside from Mercury. Make up roughly 80% of elements.

Question 30

Define: nonmetals

Answer 30

Gaseous at room temp or brittle solids except for Bromine which is liquid at room temp.

Question 31

Which alkali metals are the most reactive?

Answer 31

Reactivity increases with atomic number, therefore, lowest = most reactive.

Question 32

What group contains the most recognizable metals to everyday human use?

Answer 32

Transition metals (IIIA - IIB) include gold, silver, copper, nickel, iron and chromium.

Question 33

Define: nanocrystals

Answer 33

Clumps of atoms that combine into a crystalline form of matter. Commonly around 10nm in diameter, they are larger than molecules but smaller than bulk solids and usually have chemical and physical properties in between.

Question 34

Define: quantum dots

Answer 34

A semiconductor nanocrystals that is a few nm to a few hundred nm in size.

Question 35

Define: de Broglie wavelength

Answer 35

The measure of the wave movement (wavelength) of a particle. The wavelength (λ) is given by λ = h/mv (where h is the Planck’s constant, m is the particle mass and v is velocity).

Question 36

Define: Alloy

Answer 36

A combination of 2 or more metals or metal(s) with nonmetal.

Question 37

Define: galvanize

Answer 37

The process of coating iron with zinc in order to prevent the rusting effects of oxygen

Question 38

Define: Metalloids

Answer 38

Elements found on the border between metals and non metals on the table. Also called semimetals since they have characteristics of both. Examples: boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, tellurium and polonium.

Question 39

Define: halogens

Answer 39

Located in column VIIB, these elements are known as “salt formers” and easily accept electrons from other atoms. They combine with metals to form salts.

Question 40

Define: cations

Answer 40

A positively charged ion, i.e., one that would be attracted to the cathode in electrolysis.

Question 41

Define: anion

Answer 41

a negatively charged ion, i.e., one that would be attracted to the anode in electrolysis.

Question 42

Define: metal-nonmetal binary compound

Answer 42

Compound made up of a metal cation and nonmetal anion.

Question 43

Define: monoatomic ion

Answer 43

A monatomic ion is an ion consisting of a single atom. If an ion contains more than one atom, even if these atoms are of the same element, it is called a polyatomic ion.

Question 44

Define: polyatomic ion

Answer 44

A polyatomic ion, also known as a molecular ion, is a charged chemical species (ion) composed of two or more atoms covalently bonded or of a metal complex that can be considered to be acting as a single unit.