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Psychological disorders > Ch. 3 Clinical Assessment and diagnosis > Flashcards

Ch. 3 Clinical Assessment and diagnosis Flashcards

1
Q

Clinical assessment

A

th systematic evaluation and measurement of psychological, biological and social factors in an individual presenting with a possible psychological disorder

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2
Q

reliability

A

the degree to which a measurement is consistent

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3
Q

validity

A

the degree to which a technique measures what it is supposed to measure

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4
Q

standardization

A

application of certain standards to ensure consistency

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5
Q

systematic observation of behaviour

A

any behaviour is happening, even what is not being described, always need to watch

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6
Q

mental health exam covers 5 categories

A

appearance and behaviour, thought processes, mood and effect, intellectual functioning, sensorium

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7
Q

appearance and behaviour category

A

overt behaviour, attire, appearance, posture, expressions

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8
Q

thought processes

A

rat of speech, slow, ranting, continuity of speech, content of speech

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9
Q

mood and effect

A

predominant feeling state of the individual. feeling state accompanying what individual says

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10
Q

intellectual functioning

A

type of vocabulary, use of abstractions and metaphors

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11
Q

sensorium

A

awareness of surroundings in terms of person, know who you are, day or time and where you are

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12
Q

structured clinical interview

A

more general

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13
Q

physical examination

A

lots of emotional disturbances can happen from health

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14
Q

behavioural assessment

A

thoughts, feelings and behaviour directly observed. target behaviours identified and observed

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15
Q

ABCs of observation

A

Antecedents (precede a behaviour - stressed at work give you feelings you cannot control), behaviours (eliciting the behaviour), consequences (trying to cope, how it is affecting the person)

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16
Q

informal observation

A

subject to observers interpretation

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17
Q

formal observation

A

behaviours are observable and measured (how many twitches and how bad), pattern, design treatment based on pattern

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18
Q

self monitoring or self observation

A

most people monitor their behaviour outside the session. can use checklist or behaviour rating scales

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19
Q

reactivity

A

observational data subject to distortion upon being observed. resistant to self monitoring

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20
Q

psychological testing

A

determine cognitive, emotional or behavioural responses. Can use Intelligence tests (memory, attention, judgement) or neurobiological procedures (determine brain damage or dysfunctions)

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21
Q

projective testing

A

psychoanalytic tradition, rorschach inkblot test, thematic apperception test

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22
Q

psychoanalytic tradition

A

determine something by what a person is seeing

23
Q

rorschach inkblot test

A

people have to talk about what they are seeing and then interpreted by the psychoanalyst (questionable reliability and validity)

24
Q

thematic apperception test

A

cards and the person has to tell a story about them (widely used)

25
Q

minnesota multiphasic personality inventory (MMPI)

A

finds features of personality disorders, traits of a person that us unlikely to go away

26
Q

Intelligence testing

A

now standardized, below 70 could have a mental disorder

27
Q

neuropsychological testing

A

pinpoint the location of brain dysfunction. Common tests: bender visual motor gestalt test and Halstead Reitan neuropsychological battery. Issues are false positives or false negatives

28
Q

bender visual motor gestalt test

A

used in children to determine issue with attention. How kids can copy images. uses visual and motor measurements

29
Q

halstead reitan neuropsychological battery

A

takes in account strength, rhythm and memory

30
Q

Neuroimaging of brain structure

A

Cat scan and MRI, identify structural abnormalities that might be associated with psychological disorders

31
Q

Neuroimaging of brain function

A

PET scan - inject someone with aceptope, see where brain is active
Single photon emission computed temography - uses radioactive tracer
fMRI - look at blood flow. All find neurobiological factors to psychological disorders

32
Q

Electroenphalgram (EEG)

A

event related potential - expose a person to something. evoked potential - what happens after stimulus

33
Q

electrodermal response (skin conductance)

A

measures changes, body temperature

34
Q

Diagnosing psychological disorders

A

classification, taxonomy, nosology, nomenclature

35
Q

classification

A

construct groups or categories and to assign objects or people to these categories on the basis of their shared attributes

36
Q

taxonomy

A

classification in scientific context

37
Q

nosology

A

application of a taxonomic system to psychological or medical ohemonena

38
Q

nomenclature

A

names or labels of the disorder that make up the nosology

39
Q

DSM-5-TR

A

psychological

40
Q

ICD-11

A

has every disease you can imagine

41
Q

classification issues

A

distinctions between normal and abnormal unclear, behaviours a category instead of a continuum,

42
Q

classical categorical approach

A

signs that there is something wrong biologically, same symptoms with no vairations

43
Q

dimensional approach

A

measured in scales, more rigid

44
Q

prototypical appoach

A

average of numbers in a category, some aspects are common for everyone but there are lots of expressions within the category

45
Q

reliability of DSM

A

personality order classification unreliable and biased, they are complex, definitons keep getting redefined and may not disclose some infromation

46
Q

validity of DSM

A

label for disorder right, lots of symptoms for the same disorder

47
Q

social and cultural considerations in the DSM-5-TR

A

different cultures and locations create differences genetically or societal factors

48
Q

criticisms of the DSM-5-TR

A

comorbidy, defintions are flawed and can changee

49
Q

comorbidity

A

people may have more than one disorder at a time, may need to redefine how the disorders are classified

50
Q

labelling

A

categorizing people as individuals with psychological disorders as their totality

51
Q

stigma

A

negative connotation attached to individuals with impaired cognitive abilities or behavioural functioning

52
Q

mixed anxiety-depression

A

not included in DSM, not enough for people to get diagnosed, not severe enough or prelevant

53
Q

pre-menstrual dysphoric disorder

A

part of DSM, huge debate if it should be included or not.

54
Q

Autisim spectrum disorder

A

allows for more variations and helpful with treatments

Psychological disorders (4 decks)

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