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Psychological disorders > Ch. 1 Psychopathology in Historical Context > Flashcards

Ch. 1 Psychopathology in Historical Context Flashcards

1
Q

Define psychological disorders

A

psychological dysfunction associated with personal distress or impairment in functioning and a response that is atypical or not culturally expected

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2
Q

psychological dysfunction

A

breakdown in cognition, emotional or behavioural functioning

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3
Q

psychopathology

A

the scientific study of psychological disorders

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4
Q

the scientist practitioner

A

mental health professionals, take a scientific approach to their work

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5
Q

evidence based practice approach

A

keeping up with the latest scientific developments

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6
Q

practice based evidence approach

A

evaluate own assessments to see if they work to generate new knowledge

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7
Q

research oriented approach

A

conduct research that produces new information about disorders or their treatment

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8
Q

studying psychological disorders focus

A

clinical description, causation, treatment and outcome

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9
Q

clinical description

A

may change with time

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10
Q

prevalence

A

percentage of the disorder that is happening in general population

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11
Q

incidence

A

within a specific amount to time

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12
Q

etiology

A

study of the origins of disorder

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13
Q

the supernatural tradition

A

battle between good and evil. evil perceived when confronted with unexplained behaviour and suffering and upheaval

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14
Q

demons and witches

A

people having a demon side, madness and evils caused by witches and sorcery. Treated with exorcisms. Everything is caused by the supernatural

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15
Q

stress and melancholy

A

insanity is a natural phenomenon, from mental or emotional stress. Treatment: rest, sleep, healthy environment, potions, ointments, baths

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16
Q

treatments for possession

A

hanging person over snake pits, or cold water baths

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17
Q

the moon and the stars

A

psychological functioning affected by their movements, no scientific evidence but that does not mean that it cannot affect people

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18
Q

the biological tradition: Hippocrates and Galen

A

Normal brain function was related to bodily humors and imbalance led to disease. Treatment was bloodletting

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19
Q

the four humors

A

blood, black bile, yellow bile, phlegm

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20
Q

hysteria

A

mental disorder, people having no biological cause for symptoms

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21
Q

Biological tradition: the 19th Century

A

syphilis related to general paresis (general weakness). Deteriorating symptoms led to death. Affecting someone with malaria, some people survived and were cured of syphilis

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22
Q

John P. Grey

A

insanity always has physical causes, mentally ill need to be treated as physically ill. People need rest, diet, proper room temperature and ventilation. rise of asylums

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23
Q

lobotomy

A

ice pick in some one eye and move it around in the brain. Led to infections epilepsy and had worse outcomes

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24
Q

schizophrenia

A

inducing seizures with insulin, many people died. this turned into electroshock therapy

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25
Q

major tranquilizer

A

neuroleptics, diminishes hallucinations and delusions

26
Q

Consequences of the biological tradition

A

some clinical success treating mental illness with drugs and psychological disorders started to be approached scientifically

27
Q

the psychological tradition

A

plato recognized the influence of psychosocial factors. focus not only on psychological factors but also on social and cultural ones

28
Q

moral therapy

A

emotional and psychological therapy. Originated with philippe pinel, encouraged humane, socially facilitated atmosphere for patients

29
Q

benjamin rush

A

father of north american psychiatry

30
Q

asylum reform and decline of moral therapy

A

dorothea dix, reformed treatment of the insane. helped open all the asylums and thought they were better conditions than them at home. Initated mental hygine movement for the cleanliness of the asylums

31
Q

clarence hincks

A

crusader for the mental hygine movement

32
Q

psychoanalytic theory

A

first types of talk therapies, Freud believed the unconscious mind produced psychological disorders

33
Q

Freuds structure of the mind

A

Id, ego, superego

34
Q

Id

A

source of strong, sexual and aggressive energies, pleasure principle

35
Q

Ego

A

act realistically, reality principle

36
Q

Superego

A

conscious, moral principle

37
Q

Freuds Defence mechanisms

A

unconscious protective processes for the ego

38
Q

denial

A

refuses to acknowledge some aspect of objective reality

39
Q

projection

A

falsely attributes own unacceptable feelings, impulses or thoughts to another individual or object

40
Q

rationalization

A

conceals true motivations

41
Q

reaction formation

A

substitutes behaviour thoughts or feelings that are opposite from unacceptable ones

42
Q

repression

A

blicks disturbing wishes, thoughts, or experiences from conscious awareness

43
Q

sublimation

A

directs potentially, maladaptive feelings or impulses into socially acceptable behaviour

44
Q

psychosexual stages of development

A

what happens early in childhood are repressed and forgotten, do not geet sexual gratification, leads to fixation

45
Q

psychosexual stages

A

oral - 0-2, around the mouth
anal - 2-3, potty training control
phallic - 3-7, differences of gender
latency - 7-11, sexual urges quiet
genital - 11-adult, learns how to deal with opposite sex

46
Q

neuroses

A

neurotic disorders from the nervous system

47
Q

later developments in psychoanalytic thought

A

anna freud, ego psychology (self psychology) on the self. Carl Jung and Alfred Adler beliving that humans are positive and can overcome their issues

48
Q

psychoanalytic psychotherapy

A

reveal the nature of unconscious mental processes and conflicts

49
Q

free association and dream analysis

A

say what ever comes to mind, could be prompted from therapist

50
Q

transference

A

see therapist as a parent or falls in love with them

51
Q

countertransference

A

what the client is saying enlists feelings in the therapist

52
Q

humanistic theory

A

Abraham Maslow hierarchy of needs. Carl rogers person centered therapy. Fritz Perls gestalt therapy

53
Q

Hierarchy of needs

A

Basics need to be fulfilled before higher-order needs or met. Physiological needs (bottom), safety needs, love and belonging, esteem, and self-actualization

54
Q

self actualization

A

all of us can reach our highest potential

55
Q

person centered therapy

A

therapists have passive role

56
Q

unconditional positive regard

A

accepting clients feelings and actions, place of acceptance

57
Q

gestalt therapy with humanistic elements

A

focuses on people’s positive and creative potentials. Focusing on the now

58
Q

Pavlov and classical conditioning

A

broke down the learning aspect with the environment

59
Q

watson and the rise of behaviouralism

A

if fears and learned, they can also be unlearned. Little albert experiment

60
Q

systematic desensitization

A

introducing small things (fears) with relaxation techniques to desensitize then keep levelling up

61
Q

operant conditioning

A

learning process where behaviors are modified through the association of stimuli with reinforcement or punishment

Psychological disorders (4 decks)

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