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BIO235 A&P WileyPLUS > CH 28 Reproductive System > Flashcards

CH 28 Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

a. Location of the scrotum and contraction of muscle fibers regulate the testis temperature.
b. Normal sperm production requires a temperature 2 to 3 degrees C above body core temperature.
c. Proper temperature is maintained within the scrotum because it is outside the pelvic cavity.
d. The dartos and cremaster muscles contract in response to cold temperatures forcing the testes closer to the body reducing heat loss.
e. The dartos and cremaster muscles relax when exposed to warmth.

A

b. Normal sperm production requires a temperature 2 to 3 degrees C above body core temperature.

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2
Q

Which of the following statements is correct?

a. The tunica albuginea divides the testes into lobules.
b. Sperm are produced in tightly coiled seminiferous tubules within the lobules.
c. Sertoli cells form a blood-testis barrier protecting developing sperm from the immune system.
d. Interstitial cells of Leydig located between seminiferous tubules secrete testosterone.
e. All of these statements are correct.

A

e. All of these statements are correct.

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3
Q

The acrosome:

a. is a caplike vesicle filled with enzymes that help a sperm to penetrate a secondary oocyte.
b. is found in the midpiece and contains enzymes that aid in sperm penetration of a secondary oocyte.
c. contains mitochondria arranged in a spiral, which provide the energyfor locomotion of sperm.
d. is the tapering portion of the tail.

A

a. is a caplike vesicle filled with enzymes that help a sperm to penetrate a secondary oocyte.

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4
Q

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

a. Luteinizing hormone stimulates Leydig cells to secrete testosterone.
b. Follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone stimulate production of androgen binding protein which helps to maintain testosterone secretion.
c. Follicle stimulating hormone and testosterone stimulate spermatogenesis.
d. Inhibin produced by Sertoli cells inhibits follicle stimulating hormone helping to regulate spermatogenesis rate.
e. Secretion of testosterone, inhibin and follicle stimulating hormone is controlled by positive feedback loops.

A

e. Secretion of testosterone, inhibin and follicle stimulating hormone is controlled by positive feedback loops.

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5
Q

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

a. The epididymis lies along the posterior border of each testis.
b. Within the epididymis is a tightly coiled ductus epididymis.
c. The tail of the epididymis continues as the vas deferens.
d. Each ejaculatory duct is formed by union of the duct from the seminal vesicle and the ampulla of the vas deferens.
e. Ejaculatory ducts terminate in the membranous urethra.

A

e. Ejaculatory ducts terminate in the membranous urethra.

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6
Q

Which of the following sperm pathways is correct? (Some steps may be omitted.)

a. Seminiferous tubules, straight tubules, rete testis, epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory ducts, urethra
b. Seminiferous tubules, rete testis, straight tubules, epididymis, vas deferens, urethra
c. Straight tubules, rete testis, epididymis vas deferens, urethra
d. Urethra, seminiferous tubules, straight tubules, rete testis, epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory ducts

A

a. Seminiferous tubules, straight tubules, rete testis, epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory ducts, urethra

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7
Q

The spermatic cord contains:

a. An artery
b. A vein
c. Lymphatic vessels
d. Nerves
e. The vas deferens
f. all of the above

A

f. all of the above

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8
Q

Which of the following statements is correct?

a. Seminal vesicles lie posterior to the base of the urinary bladder and anterior to the rectum.
b. Seminal vesicles produce an alkaline fluid containing fructose, prostaglandins, and clotting proteins.
c. The prostate surrounds the prostatic urethra and secretes a slightly acidic fluid containing citric acid and enzymes.
d. The bulbourethral glands secrete an alkaline fluid into the urethra that protects sperm by neutralizing acids in urine.
e. All of these statements are correct

A

e. All of these statements are correct

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9
Q

Which of the following contributes clotting proteins to the semen?

a. bulbourethral gland
b. seminal vesicle
c. prostate gland
d. epididymis

A

b. seminal vesicle

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10
Q

This fluid contains sperm and provides it with a transport medium, nutrients, and protection from the acidic environment of the urethra and vagina.

a. Semen
b. Hydrocele
c. Lymph
d. Albuginea

A

a. Semen

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11
Q

During erection parasympathetic nerves release nitric oxide to cause which of the following?

a. muscles in the walls of the arterioles supplying the penis to relax
b. veins carrying blood from the penis to expand
c. constriction of the blood sinuses in the erectile tissues
d. ejaculation to be initiated

A

a. muscles in the walls of the arterioles supplying the penis to relax

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12
Q

What ligaments hold the ovaries in position in the pelvic city? Select all that apply.

a. ovarian
b. suspensory ligaments
c. broad
d. inguinal
e. sacral

A

a. ovarian
b. suspensory ligaments
c. broad

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13
Q

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

a. The ovarian cortex consists of ovarian follicles in various stages of development surrounded by dense irregular connective tissue, and stromal cells.
b. The medulla of the ovary contains connective tissue, blood vessels and nerves.
c. The cells surrounding the ovarian follicles nourish the developing oocyte and secrete estrogen as the follicle grows.
d. The Graafian follicle is a mature follicle that is ready to rupture and release a primary oocyte.
e. The corpus luteum forms from the remains of the follicle after ovulation.

A

d. The Graafian follicle is a mature follicle that is ready to rupture and release a primary oocyte.

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14
Q

In oogenesis:

a. meiosis I is completed only after the secondary oocyte is fertilized
b. meiosis II is completed only after the secondary oocyte is fertilized
c. meiosis I is completed only after the primary oocyte is fertilized
d. meiosis II is completed only after the primary oocyte is fertilized

A

b. meiosis II is completed only after the secondary oocyte is fertilized

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15
Q

Please select all of the following that are true of the uterine tubes: (Select all that apply.)

a. They extend laterally from the uterus
b. They provide a pathway for sperm to reach the ovum
c. They provide a pathway for secondary oocytes and fertilized ova to reach the uterus
d. They contain blood vessels, nerves, and the vas deferens

A

a. They extend laterally from the uterus
b. They provide a pathway for sperm to reach the ovum
c. They provide a pathway for secondary oocytes and fertilized ova to reach the uterus

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16
Q

The principle parts of the uterus are: (Select all that apply.)

a. the fundus which is superior to the uterine tubes.
b. the body which is the central portion.
c. the cervix which opens into the vagina.
d. the inguinal canal located within the cervix.

A

a. the fundus which is superior to the uterine tubes.
b. the body which is the central portion.
c. the cervix which opens into the vagina.

17
Q

Which of the following statements is/are INCORRECT?

a. The broad ligaments are attached to the uterus on either side of the pelvic cavity.
b. The uterosacral ligaments lie on either side of the rectum and connect the uterus to the sacrum.
c. The cardinal ligaments extend from pelvic wall to the uterine tubes.
d. The round ligaments extend from the uterus to the labium majora.

A

c. The cardinal ligaments extend from pelvic wall to the uterine tubes.

18
Q

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

a. The perimetrium is composed of simple squamous epithelium and areolar tissue.
b. The myometrium consists of three layers of smooth muscle.
c. The endometrium consists of the basal layer which is sloughed off during menstruation and the functional layer which is permanent and gives rise to the basalis.

A

c. The endometrium consists of the basal layer which is sloughed off during menstruation and the functional layer which is permanent and gives rise to the basalis.

19
Q

The extensive blood supply of the uterus is important in supporting regrowth of the functional layer after menstruation.

a. True
b. False

A

a. True

20
Q

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

a. The mucosa of the vagina contains, dendritic cells and large stores of glycogen which can break down to form organic acids which retard microbial growth.
b. The muscularis contains an outer circular and inner longitudinal layer that allows stretch during sexual intercourse and childbirth.
c. The adventitia allows the uterus to connect to the mons pubis.

A

c. The adventitia allows the uterus to connect to the mons pubis.

21
Q

Which of the following statements is correct?

a. The mons pubis is an elevation of adipose tissue covered by skin and hair that cushions the pubic symphysis.
b. The labia majora are homologous to the scrotum.
c. The labia minora are homologous to the spongy urethra and contain a large number of sebaceous glands.
d. The clitoris is capable of enlargement upon tactile stimulation and plays a role in sexual excitement in the female.
e. All of these statements are correct.

A

e. All of these statements are correct.

22
Q

Each breast is a mammary gland or a modified sudoriferous gland that produces milk.

a. True
b. False

A

a. True

23
Q

Which of the following pathways is correct? (Some structures may be omitted.)

a. alveoli, secondary tubules, mammary ducts, lactiferous sinuses, lactiferous duct, nipple
b. lactiferous sinuses, alveoli, secondary tubules, mammary ducts, lactiferous duct, nipple
c. nipple, alveoli, secondary tubules, mammary ducts, lactiferous sinuses, lactiferous duct
d. alveoli, mammary ducts, secondary tubules, lactiferous sinuses, lactiferous duct and nipple

A

a. alveoli, secondary tubules, mammary ducts, lactiferous sinuses, lactiferous duct, nipple

24
Q

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

a. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is secreted by the hypothalamus and controls the ovarian and uterine cycles by stimulating release of follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone.
b. Follicle stimulating hormone initiates follicular growth and luteinizing hormone stimulates more development of ovarian follicles.
c. Luteinizing hormone stimulates ovulation, corpus luteum formation and secretion of estrogen and progesterone by the corpus luteum.
d. Inhibin, secreted by the granulosa cells of the growing follicles and by the corpus luteum, inhibits secretion of FSH and LH
e. Progesterone stimulates contraction of the myometrium.

A

e. Progesterone stimulates contraction of the myometrium.

25
Q

Which of the following statements is correct?

a. In the menstrual phase, follicle stimulating hormone stimulates development of secondary follicles in the ovaries and prostaglandins cause loss of the functional layer.
b. In the preovulatory phase, secondary follicles start to secrete estrogens and inhibin. One becomes a dominant follicle and secretes estrogens and inhibin causing decreased FSH secretion leading to atresia of less developed follicles. In the uterus, the endometrium undergoes repair under the influence of estrogens.
c. In ovulation, release of luteinizing hormone causes release of the secondary oocyte.
d. In the postovulatory phase, progesterone and estrogens are secreted by the corpus luteum promote thickening of the endometrium preparing for implantation. If no pregnancy occurs, progesterone and estrogen levels drop and menstruation occurs.
e. All of these statements are correct.

A

e. All of these statements are correct.

26
Q

During the early to middle aspects of the luteal phase, which hormones increase in the blood? Select all that apply.

a. estrogen
b. inhibin
c. progesterone
d. follicle stimulating hormone

A

a. estrogen
b. inhibin
c. progesterone

27
Q

Which of the phases of the human sexual response is the shortest?

a. excitement
b. plateau
c. orgasm
d. resolution

A

c. orgasm

28
Q

Combined oral contraceptives contain ________ which cause inhibition of ovulation by suppressing FSH and LH.

a. progestin and estrogens
b. inhibin and progestin
c. inhibin and estrogen
d. estrogen and testosterone

A

a. progestin and estrogens

29
Q

Barrier methods of contraception provide some protection against sexually transmitted diseases.

a. True
b. False

A

a. True

30
Q

One problem with developing an oral contraceptive pill for men is that testosterone level must be maintained to safeguard male secondary sexual characteristics and sex drive.

a. True
b. False

A

a. True

31
Q

If an ovum is fertilized by a Y-bearing sperm cell the gender of the embryo will be:

a. male
b. female

A

a. male

32
Q

In the absence of testosterone and Mullerian inhibiting hormone the embryo develops _______ genetalia.

a. male
b. female

A

b. female

33
Q

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

a. At puberty, secondary sexual characteristics begin to develop and potential for reproduction is reached.
b. Puberty onset is marked by bursts of luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone triggered by gonadotropin releasing hormone.
c. The hormone dihydrotestosterone may be involved in signaling that long term energy stores are adequate for reproduction to begin.

A

c. The hormone dihydrotestosterone may be involved in signaling that long term energy stores are adequate for reproduction to begin.

34
Q

The term ________ refers the first menses while _____ refers to the permanent cessation of menses.

a. menopause; menarche
b. menarche; menstrual arrest
c. menstural arrest; menarche
d. menarche; menopause

A

d. menarche; menopause

BIO235 A&P WileyPLUS (6 decks)

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