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BIO235 A&P WileyPLUS > Chapter 27 Fluid Compartments and Fluid Homeostasis > Flashcards

Chapter 27 Fluid Compartments and Fluid Homeostasis Flashcards

1
Q

Approximately two thirds of body fluid is intracellular fluid and one third is extracellular fluid.

a. True
b. False

A

a. True

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2
Q

Body water gain is regulated by the thirst center in the:

a. hypothalamus
b. cerebellum
c. ccerebrum
d. brainstem

A

a. hypothalamus

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3
Q

A decrease in volume and an increase in osmolarity of body fluids is:

a. Hyponatremia
b. Over-hydration
c. Dehydration
d. Hypervolemia

A

c. Dehydration

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4
Q

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

a. Dehydration stimulates angiotensin II and aldosterone to promote urinary reabsorption of sodium ions and chloride ions leading to a decrease in water absorption by osmosis.
b. Stretching of the heart atria in response to increased blood volume could result in release of the atrial natriuretic peptide leading to natriuresis and promotion of water excretion.
c. An increase in blood volume would slow renin release leading to a decline in angiotensin II and aldosterone leading to loss of more water in urine.
d. An increase in osmolarity stimulates release of antidiuretic hormone which increases the permeability of principal cells to water returning to the blood stream.
e. A large decrease in blood volume will stimulate ADH release.

A

a. Dehydration stimulates angiotensin II and aldosterone to promote urinary reabsorption of sodium ions and chloride ions leading to a decrease in water absorption by osmosis.

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5
Q

Osmolarity controls the movement of water between interstitial fluid and intracellular fluid.

a. True
b. False

A

a. True

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6
Q

Electrolytes in the body help to:

a. control osmosis between fluid compartments
b. help to maintain acid-base balance
c. carry electrical current
d. serve as enzyme cofactors
e. all of these

A

e. all of these

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7
Q

Which of the following is MISMATCHED?

a. Sodium ions – Level is controlled by aldosterone, antidiuretic hormone, and atrial natriuretic.
b. Chloride ions – Level is controlled by chloride ion leakage channels and antiporters.
c. Potassium ions – Level is controlled by aldosterone.
d. Bicarbonate ions – Level is controlled mainly by kidneys.
e. Calcium ions – Level is regulated by osmosis.

A

e. Calcium ions – Level is regulated by osmosis.

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8
Q

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

a. The protein buffer system is the most abundant buffer system in intracellular fluid and blood plasma and can buffer both acids and bases.
b. The carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system uses bicarbonate ions which act as weak bases and carbonic acid which can act as a weak acid.
c. The phosphate buffer system is an important regulator of pH in cytosol.
d. The phosphate buffer system allows the body to secrete proteins in urine.

A

d. The phosphate buffer system allows the body to secrete pr

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9
Q

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

a. Acidosis is a condition in which blood pH is below 7.35.
b. Alkalosis is a condition in which the blood ph is above 7.45.
c. Respiratory acidosis and alkalosis are due to changes in blood PCO2
d. Metabolic alkalosis and acidosis are due to blood changes in bicarbonate ion concentration.
e. All of these statements are correct.

A

e. All of these statements are correct.

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10
Q

The major physiological effect of ________ is depression of the central nervous system through depression of synaptic transmission while the major physiologic effect of _____ is overexcitability.

a. acidosis; alkalosis
b. alkalosis; acidosis
c. dehydration; over-hydration
d. over-hydration; dehydration

A

a. acidosis; alkalosis

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11
Q

Infants experience greater problems with fluid, electrolyte, and acid base balance than adults due to differences in:

a. ion concentrations
b. metabolic rate
c. kidney development
d. breathing rate
e. all of these

A

e. all of these

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12
Q

Which process or processes does NOT allow for continual exchange of fluids?

a. Osmosis
b. Diffusion
c. Filtration
d. Absorption

A

d. Absorption

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13
Q

Which of the following is equal to the amount of charge in one mole of hydrogen ions?

a. one milliequivalent
b. one equivalent
c. one millimole
d. one liter

A

b. one equivalent

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14
Q

Which hormone promotes the insertion of aquaporin-2 molecules into the cells of the kidneys?

a. aldosterone
b. ADH
c. angiotensin II
d. ANP

A

b. ADH

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15
Q

Chloride ions move relatively easily between the ECF and ICF because most cell membranes have which of the following structures?

a. Cl– active transporters
b. Cl– symporters
c. None of the choices is correct.
d. Cl– antiporters

A

d. Cl– antiporters

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16
Q

Which of the following is the main difference between plasma and interstitial fluid?

a. blood plasma has more chloride ions
b. interstitial fluid has more potassium ions
c. blood plasma has more sodium ions
d. blood plasma has more protein anions

A

d. blood plasma has more protein anions

17
Q

One equivalent is equal to the amount of charge in one mole of which of the following ions?

a. K+
b. Cl–
c. Na+
d. H+

A

d. H+

18
Q

The difference in protein concentration between interstitial fluid and which of the following is largely responsible for the blood colloid osmotic pressure?

a. intracellular fluid
b. cytosol
c. extracellular fluid
d. plasma

A

d. plasma

19
Q

When the blood plasma concentration of Na+ is above 148 mEq/liter the body is experiencing which of the following conditions?

a. hyperkalemia
b. hypokalemia
c. hyponatremia
d. hypernatremia

A

d. hypernatremia

20
Q

What do metabolic reactions produce?

a. Nonvolatile acids
b. Carbonic acids
c. Hydrochloric acids
d. ATP

A

a. Nonvolatile acids

21
Q

What are the functional components of the protein buffer system?

a. three amino groups
b. One carboxyl group
c. Blood plasma
d. PH

A

b. One carboxyl group

22
Q

What is a major physiological effect of acidosis?

a. Blood PH falls below 7
b. Stimulation in the CNS ( Central nervous system)
c. Excitability
d. Muscle Spasms

A

a. Blood PH falls below 7

23
Q

A process that increases the reabsorption of sodium by the kidneys is also going to cause reabsorption of which of the following ions?

a. Cl–
b. K+
c. HCO3–
d. H+

A

a. Cl–

24
Q

You examine a patient with alkalosis, with abnormally low PCO2 levels. Which condition is this patient experiencing?

a. respiratory alkalosis
b. respiratory acidosis
c. metabolic acidosis
d. metabolic alkalosis

A

b. respiratory acidosis

25
Q

Which of the following transporters maintains the correct balance of cations between the intracellular and extracellular fluid compartments?

a. Na+ - glucose symporter
b. K+ channels
c. Na+ - amino acid symporter
d. Na+ - K+ ATPase

A

d. Na+ - K+ ATPase

26
Q

Abnormally low HCO3– in systemic arterial blood is a sign of which of the following?

a. metabolic alkalosis
b. respiratory alkalosis
c. respiratory acidosis
d. metabolic acidosis

A

d. metabolic acidosis

27
Q

Which of the following will occur due to an increase in the osmolarity of the interstitial fluid?

a. none of the choices is correct
b. fluid will move out of the cells
c. fluid will move into the cells
d. cells will increase in size

A

b. fluid will move out of the cells

28
Q

When comparing the blood plasma and interstitial fluid, which of the following molecules would have concentrations that you would expect to be different?

a. K+
b. all of the choices are correct
c. protein anions
d. Na+

A

c. protein anions

29
Q

Which of the following is an effect of antidiuretic hormone?

a. increased absorption of NaCl by the kidneys
b. increased loss of water in urine
c. reduced absorption of NaCl by the kidneys
d. reduced loss of water in urine

A

d. reduced loss of water in urine

30
Q

Which of the following buffer systems allows the buffering of the hydrogen ions that are pumped into the urine?

a. carbonic acid–bicarbonate buffer system
b. protein buffer system
c. phosphate buffer system

A

c. phosphate buffer system

31
Q

Which of the following conditions would cause the cells to swell?

a. a decrease in the osmolarity of the interstitial fluid
b. increase in the osmolarity of the interstitial fluid

A

a. a decrease in the osmolarity of the interstitial fluid

32
Q

Which of the following will occur due to an increase in the osmolarity of the interstitial fluid?

a. fluid will move out of the cells
b. fluid will move in the cells

A

a. fluid will move out of the cells

BIO235 A&P WileyPLUS (6 decks)

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