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Physical Science > CH 27.1 & 27.2 > Flashcards

CH 27.1 & 27.2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Weathering

A

Process that involves the physical or chemical breakdown of materials on Earth’s surface.

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2
Q

Soil

A

Mixture of weathered rock, organic matter, water, and air that is capable of supporting plant life.

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3
Q

Erosion

A

Removal of surface material through the process of weathering.

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4
Q

Sediment Transport

A

Process of moving eroded materials from one place to another through the movement of water, ice, wind and due to gravity.

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5
Q

Deposition

A

Dropping of sediment previously in transport as the erosional agent slows down, or in the case of ice, melts.

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6
Q

Drainage Basin

A

Land area that gathers water for a major river or several major river systems.

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7
Q

Longshore Current

A

Movement of water, and often, sediment, parallel to the shoreline.

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8
Q

What is weathering?

A

The breakdown of materials on Earth’s surface.

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9
Q

Do rocks weather at the same rate?

A

No they do not

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10
Q

What are the two main factors that determine how fast a rock will weather?

A

Rock Type & Landscape

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11
Q

What are the two types of weathering?

A

Mechanical Weathering & Chemical Weathering

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12
Q

What type of change happens with mechanical weathering?

A

Physical changes

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13
Q

What type of change happens with chemical weathering?

A

Chemical changes

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14
Q

What are the 3 specific types of mechanical weathering?

A
  1. Frost Wedging
  2. Biological Activity
  3. Collisions
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15
Q

What causes frost wedging?

A

What getting between the cracks of rocks and freezing.

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16
Q

What is the cycle called during frost wedging?

A

Freeze-Thaw Cycles

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17
Q

What causes biological activity?

A

Plant and animal activity.

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18
Q

What causes weathering during collisions?

A

When rocks fall from a cliff or tumble through turbulent rivers.

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19
Q

What is soil?

A

Weathered rock, organic matter, water, and air

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20
Q

What is a parent material?

A

The material from which soil forms from

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21
Q

What are soil horizons?

A

The different layers of soil.

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22
Q

How many soil horizons are there?

A

There are six

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23
Q

True or false. All soils contain every soil horizon.

A

False

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24
Q

What are the specific soil horizons?

A

O, A, E, B, C, R

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25
Q

What does the first soil horizon contain?

A

Organic material

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26
Q

What is the second horizon mostly made up of?

A

Mostly minerals

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27
Q

Which layer does leaching occur?

A

Horizon E

28
Q

Which horizon collects materials from previous horizons?

A

Horizon B

29
Q

Which layer is partially weathered bedrock?

A

Horizon C

30
Q

Which layer is unweathered bedrock?

A

Horizon R

31
Q

Which soil horizons make up the topsoil?

A

O & A

32
Q

Which soil horizons make up the subsoil?

A

E & B

33
Q

Which horizons make up the true soil?

A

O, A, E, B

34
Q

What is the difference between weathering and erosion?

A

Weathering is the breakdown of materials and erosion is the removal of materials.

35
Q

As the slope of a river decreases what happens?

A

The river’s speed decreases

36
Q

What are small streams that flow into larger rivers are called?

A

Tributaries

37
Q

What is land area that gathers water for a major river called?

A

Drainage Basin

38
Q

What is a boundary that separates distinct drainage basin called?

A

Drainage Divide

39
Q

Eroded surfaces that flow downhill under the influence of gravity?

A

Channels

40
Q

Young rivers are what due to the fast movement?

A

V-shaped

41
Q

What type of rivers are wide with smooth and gentle slopes?

A

Mature River

42
Q

When river flood and drop their sediment load, what is that land form called?

A

Flood Plains

43
Q

What are fan shape sediment deposits that will form at the mouth of a river?

A

Deltas

44
Q

What the branching channels that are created by deltas?

A

Distributaries

45
Q

What is it called when a mouth of a river or stream enters dry land?

A

Alluvial Fans

46
Q

What are the two types of glaciers?

A

Valley Glaciers & Continental Glaciers

47
Q

Where do valley glaciers form?

A

High mountainous regions

48
Q

Where do continental glaciers form?

A

Large areas in colder climates

49
Q

Where are the two continental glaciers located?

A

Greenland and Antarctica

50
Q

What is a cirque?

A

Bowl shaped basins

51
Q

What is an arete?

A

Long sharp ridge line where they erode

52
Q

What is a horn?

A

Sharpened peaks

53
Q

What do tributary glaciers create?

A

Hanging valleys

54
Q

What are tributary glaciers?

A

Small glaciers that feed into larger glaciers

55
Q

What shape of valley glaciers create?

A

U- shaped valleys

56
Q

Which side of a sand dune does an erosion occur?

A

Windward side

57
Q

Which side does deposition occur on a sand dune?

A

Leeward side

58
Q

What is the removal of small particles by wind leaving heavier particles behind?

A

Deflation

59
Q

What is it when small particles are removed the remaining surface is called?

A

Desert Pavement

60
Q

What does the shape and size of land forms depend on due to wind?

A

Wind speed, amount of time the wind blows, sediment supply

61
Q

What are three land forms created by wave erosion?

A

Coastal cliffs, sea stacks, sea arches

62
Q

What are two samples of wave deposition?

A

Sand bars & Sand spits

63
Q

What is a sand bar?

A

Land forms that are parallel to the shoreline

64
Q

What is a sand spit?

A

Sand bars that extend into the water from land and curve back toward in a hook shape.

65
Q

What is mass wasting caused by?

A

Snow, heavy rains,earthquakes, or human activity

66
Q

What are some examples of mass wasting?

A

Rock slides, Mud flows,Land slides

Physical Science (14 decks)

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