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Physical Science > CH 26 > Flashcards

CH 26 Flashcards

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1
Q

Naturally occurring, inorganic solid with a crystalline form.

A

Mineral

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2
Q

Color of a mineral in its powdered form.

A

Streak

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3
Q

Manner in which a mineral breaks along planes of weakness, creating sets of smooth parallel side; determined by the arrangement of atoms in the mineral’s structure.

A

Cleavage

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4
Q

Manner in which a mineral without cleavage will break, producing uneven, irregular surfaces.

A

Fracture

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5
Q

Measure of mineral’s resistance to scratching, described by Mohs scale of hardness.

A

Hardness

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6
Q

Molten rock material inside Earth.

A

Magma

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7
Q

What are the two most abundant elements in earth’s crust?

A

Silicon & Oxygen

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8
Q

A mineral is?

A

Naturally occurring, inorganic solid, & crystalline form

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9
Q

What does inorganic mean?

A

Materials that are nonliving

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10
Q

What does the arrangement of an atom and the bonds between them reflect about a mineral?

A

Mineral breaks, how hard it is, & what type of crystal shape it has

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11
Q

What are the ways to identify minerals?

A

Luster, streak, atomic arrangement, cleavage, fracture, hardness, & crystal shape

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12
Q

What are the two types of luster?

A

Metallic & Nonmetallic

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13
Q

How does metallic luster reflect light?

A

Very easily like a chrome/ metal surface

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14
Q

How does nonmetallic luster reflect light?

A

Doesn’t reflect easily, like glass

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15
Q

How do you preform a streak test?

A

Rubbing a mineral on an un-glazed porcelain tile

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16
Q

What are the two types of breakage that can happen to minerals?

A

Cleavage & Fracture

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17
Q

What is the name of the scale to measure the hardness of a mineral?

A

Mohs Scale of Hardness

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18
Q

What is the number range on Mohs Scale of hardness?

A

1-10

19
Q

Haw many different crystal shape systems are there?

A

There are 6 crystal shape systems

20
Q

What do minerals grow from?

A

Minerals grow from the inside out

21
Q

What are the 3 ways minerals can form?

A

Hot water, evaporation, & molten rock

22
Q

What are the two mineral groups?

A

Silicates & Nonsilicates

23
Q

Which mineral group is the most abundant in Earth’s crust?

A

Silicate minerals are the most abundant

24
Q

What element are Silicates made up of?

A

Silicon & Oxygen

25
Q

Nonsilicates do not contain what element?

A

silicon

26
Q

What mineral is used to make glass?

A

Quartz

27
Q

Define rock

A

A rock is a naturally formed mixture containing minerals, rock fragments, and volcanic glass.

28
Q

How are rocks identified?

A

By their composition and texture

29
Q

What does the texture of a rock describe about a rock?

A

The size, shape, and arrangement of the rock’s components.

30
Q

Where do intrusive igneous rocks from?

A

Within the crust

31
Q

What type of molten rock does intrusive igneous rocks form from?

A

Magma

32
Q

What is the name of the series that illustrates simultaneous crystallization of silicate minerals?

A

Bowen’s Recreation Series

33
Q

What are the 3 types of magma?

A

Mafic, intermediate, & felsic

34
Q

Which magma type has low silica content?

A

Mafic

35
Q

Which magma type has a high silica content?

A

Felsic

36
Q

Which type of crust has an abundant amount of quartz? (oceanic or continental)

A

Continental crust

37
Q

Which type of crust has little to no quartz?

A

Deep continental crust or oceanic crust

38
Q

Which type of igneous rock has a coarse grained texture?

A

Intrusive igneous rock

39
Q

Which type of igneous rock has a fine grained texture?

A

Extrusive igneous rock

40
Q

Do fine grained rocks cool slowly or quickly?

A

Quickly

41
Q

What are the two specific texture types for extrusive igneous rock?

A
42
Q

Which texture is the type with holes left behind because of rapid cooling?

A
43
Q

Which texture is the type with two different crystal sizes because of different cooling rates?

A
44
Q

What type of rock has vesicular (holey) texture?

A

Physical Science (14 decks)

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