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Physical Science > CH 25 > Flashcards

CH 25 Flashcards

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1
Q

a system of mountain ranges with a rift valley between them that extends around Earth on the seafloor; formed where oceanic plates spread apart due to magma rising from Earth’s mantle.

A

Mid-ocean ridge

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2
Q

long narrow depression formed in between the peaks along the mid-oceanic ridge.

A

Rift valley

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3
Q

Boundary where two plated collide; produces either subduction zones or continental collisions.

A

Convergent Plate Boundary

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4
Q

the movement of a dense oceanic plate under a buoyant continental plate.

A

Subduction

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5
Q

the boundary between two plates that are moving apart.

A

Divergent Plate Boundary

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6
Q

tectonic plate boundary in which plates slide horizontally past each other in opposite directions.

A

Transform Plate Boundary

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7
Q

sudden movement or vibration of the ground that occurs when rocks slip and slide along enormous cracks in Earth’s crust.

A

Earthquake

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8
Q

crack in Earth’s crust along which rock has moved.

A

Fault

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9
Q

the sudden release of strain energy from rock as it along a fault.

A

Elastic Rebound

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10
Q

Point of origin for an earthquake, the point from which seismic waves originate.

A

Focus

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11
Q

the point on Earth’s surface directly above the focus of an earthquake.

A

Epicenter

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12
Q

Who came up with the continental drift hypothesis?

A

Alfred Wegener

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13
Q

What are some evidence for the continental drift?

A
  1. The coast lines matched up like a puzzle piece.
  2. Mountain ranges matched up with the same rock type.
  3. Fossils
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14
Q

What was the super continent called?

A

Pangaea

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15
Q

Who came up with the Seafloor Spreading Hypothesis?

A

Harry Hess

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16
Q

How did Harry Hess discover Seafloor Spreading?

A

He used sonar

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17
Q

What did Hess discover using sonar?

A

Mid-ocean ridge system, or MOR

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18
Q

On the ocean floor, where is the newer rock formed?

A

Closer to the MOR

19
Q

What are the types of plate boundaries?

A
  1. Divergent Boundary
  2. Convergent Boundary
  3. Transform Boundary
20
Q

How do Convergent Plate Boundaries move?

A

They collided together

21
Q

Subduction only happens with which type of plate boundary?

A

Convergent Plate Boundary

22
Q

What types of crust do we have?

A
  1. Continental Crust

2. Oceanic Crust

23
Q

What crust has to be present for volcanic activity to occur?

A

Oceanic Crust

24
Q

If two continental crust converge what will be created?

A

A mountain

25
Q

If Oceanic and Continental crust converge what can be created?

A

A deep sea trench and volcanoes

26
Q

What can be created when two Oceanic Plates come together?

A
  1. Volcanic Island

2. Deep Sea Trench

27
Q

What do hot spots create?

A

Volcanic Islands

Ex: Hawaii

28
Q

Which plate boundaries have shallow earthquakes?

A

Divergent and transform

29
Q

Which plate boundaries have deeper earthquakes?

A

Convergent

30
Q

What are the four types of stress are applied to rocks that can cause earthquakes?

A
  1. compression stress
  2. a tension stress
  3. a shear stress
  4. torsion stress
31
Q

What are the two types of deformation?

A
  1. Elastic

2. Plastic

32
Q

What happens during elastic deformation?

A

When the stress is removed it returns to its original shape.

33
Q

What happens during plastic deformation?

A

Remains in the new shape when the stress is released.

34
Q

How many seismic waves are there?

A

There are three seismic waves.

  1. primary
  2. secondary
  3. surface
35
Q

What are the two types of body waves?

A
  1. Primary (p-waves)

2. Secondary (s-waves)

36
Q

What type of wave is a primary wave?

A

Compression

37
Q

Which is the fastest wave?

A

Primary wave

38
Q

What type of materials do p-waves travel through?

A

Solid and liquids

39
Q

What type of wave is secondary?

A

transverse wave

40
Q

What type of martial do s-waves travel through?

A

only solids

41
Q

What type of waves do the most damage?

A

Surface waves

42
Q

What are the two scales to measure earthquakes?

A
  1. Richter

2. Mercalli

43
Q

What does the richter scale measure?

A

The amount of energy relased

44
Q

What does the Marcalli scale measure?

A

The amount of damage

Physical Science (14 decks)

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