CH. 27 Flashcards

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1
Q

Totalitaranism

A

A radical dictatorship that exercises “total claims” over the beliefs and behavior of its citizens by taking control of economic, social, intellectual, and cultural aspects of society.

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2
Q

Fascism

A

A movement characterized by extreme, often expansionist nationalism, antisocialism, a dynamic and violent leader, and glorification of war and the military.

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3
Q

Eugenics

A

A pseudoscientific doctrine that maintains that the selective breeding of human beings can improve the general characteristics of a national population, which helped inspire Nazi ideas about “race and space” and ultimately contributed to the Holocaust.

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4
Q

Five-year plan

A

A plan launched by Stalin in 1928, and termed the “revolution from above,” aimed at modernizing the Soviet Union and creating a new Communist society with new attitudes, new loyalties, and a new socialist humanity.

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5
Q

New Economic Policy (NEP)

A

Lenin’s 1921 policy to re-establish limited economic freedom in an attempt to rebuild agricultural and industry in the face of economic disintegration.

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6
Q

Collectivization of agriculture

A

The forcible consolidation of individual peasant farms into large state-controlled enterprises in the Soviet Union under Stalin.

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7
Q

Kulaks

A

The better of peasants who were stripped of land and livestock under Stalin and were generally not permitted to join collective farms; many of them starved or were deported to forced-labor camps for “re-education.”

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8
Q

Black Shirts

A

Mussolini’s private militia that destroyed socialist newspaper, union halls, and Socialist Party headquarters, eventually pushing Socialists out of the city governments of northern Italy.

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9
Q

Lateran Agreement

A

A 1929 agreement that recognized the Vatican as an independent state, with Mussolini agreeing to give the church heavy financial support in return for public support from the pope.

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10
Q

National Socialism

A

A movement and political party driven by extreme nationalism and racism, led by Adolf Hitler; its adherents ruled by Germany from 1933 to 1945 and forced Europe into World War II.

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11
Q

Enabling Act

A

An act published though the Reichstag by the Nazis that gave Hitler absolute dictatorial power for four years.

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12
Q

appeasement

A

The British policy toward Germany prior to World War II that aimed at granting Hitler whatever he wanted, including western Czechoslovakia, in order to avoid war.

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13
Q

New Order

A

Hitler’s program based on racial imperialism, which gave preferential treatment to the Nordic peoples; the French, an “inferior” Latin people, occupied a middle position; and Slavs and Jews were treated harshly as “subhumans.”

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14
Q

Holocaust

A

The systematic effort of the Nazi state to exterminate all European Jews and other groups deemed racially inferior during the Second World War.

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