CH. 15 Flashcards
Peace of Westphalia
The name of a series of treaties that concluded the Thirty-Year’s War in 1648 and marked the end of large-scale religious violence in Europe.
Fronde
A series of violent uprisings during the early reign of Louis XIV triggered by growing royal control and increased taxation.
Mercantillism
A system of economic regulations aimed at increasing the power of the state based on the belief that a nation’s international power was based on its wealth, specifically its supply of gold and silver.
Peace of Utrecht
A series of treaties, from 1713 to 1715, that ended the War of the Spanish Succession, ended French expansion in Europe, and marked the rise of the British Empire.
Junkers
The nobility of Brandenburg and Prussia, they were reluctant allies of Frederick William in his consolidation of the Prussian state.
Boyars
The highest-ranking members of the Russian nobility.
Cossacks
Free groups and outlaw armies originally comprising runaway peasants living on the borders of Russian territory from the 14th century onward. By the end of the 16th century they had formed an alliance with the Russian state.
