Ch 27 & 28 Key Terms

Question 1

Brown v. Board of Education

Answer 1

1954 Supreme Court ruling that overturned “separate but equal” precedent established in Plessey v Ferguson in 1896. The court that declared that separate educational facilities were inherently unequal and thus violated the Fourteenth amendment

Question 2

Montgomery Bus Boycott

Answer 2

Year long boycott of Montgomery’s segregated bus system in 1955-1956 by the city’s African American population. The boycott brought MLK to national prominence and ended in victory when the Supreme court declared segregated transportation unconstitutional

Question 3

Southern Christian Leadership Conference

Answer 3

This conference was established to coordinate local protests against segregation and disfranchisement.

Question 4

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Answer 4

Law that responded to demands of the civil rights movement by making discrimination in employment, education, and public accommodations illegal. It was the strongest such measure since reconstruction and included a ban on sex discrimination in employment.

Question 5

Economic Opportunity Act

Answer 5

This law authorized 10 new programs allocating $800 million - about 1% of the federal budget - for the first year. Many provisions targeted children and youth including Headstart for preschoolers, work-study grants for college students, and the jobs corps for unemployed young people.

Question 6

Community Action Program

Answer 6

This program required maximum feasible participation of the poor themselves in anti-property projects. Poor people began to organize to make welfare agencies school boards police departments and housing authorities more accountable to the people they served. So it basically made poor people work to improve their lives. 

Question 7

War on Poverty

Answer 7

President Lyndon Johnson’s efforts organized through the office of economic opportunity to ameliorate poverty primarily through education and training as well as by including the poor in decision making

Question 8

Medicare and Medicaid

Answer 8

Societal programs and acted as part of Lyndon Johnson’s great society. Medicare provided the elderly with universal compulsory medical insurance finance primarily through Social Security taxes. Medicaid authorized federal grants to supplement state paid medical care for poor people of all ages. 

Question 9

Voting rights act of 1965

Answer 9

Law passed during Lyndon Johnson’s administration that empowered the federal government to intervene to ensure that minorities access to the voting booth. As a result of the act, black voting and office holding in the south shot up, initiating a major transformation in southern politics

Question 10

Immigration and nationality act of 1965

Answer 10

Legislation passed during Lyndon Johnson’s administration abolishing discriminatory immigration quotas based on national origins. Although it did limit the number of immigrants, including those from Latin America for the first time, it facilitated a surge in immigration later in the century.

Question 11

Loving v Virginia

Answer 11

The supreme court ruled that laws banning interracial marriage violate the equal protection and due process clauses of the 14th amendment.

Question 12

Baker cake shop vs Colorado

Answer 12

A supreme court decision that decided you could not discriminate on the basis of sexual orientation. This came about when a bakery would not make a wedding cake for a gay couple.

Question 13

Gideon v Wainwright

Answer 13

US states must provide attorneys to criminal defendants who can not afford one

Question 14

Miranda v Arizona

Answer 14

Ruled that police officers must informed detained people of their constitutional rights to an attorney and against self incrimination. Remember the Miranda rights.

Question 15

Abingdon school district v Schemp

Answer 15

Ruled that you can not teach religion in schools. Mandatory religious activity as a part ofma public school curriculum, such as bible readings and the recitation of the Lord’s prayer violate the Establishment clause of the first amendment

Question 16

Sit-ins

Answer 16

Events where black people would go into white only diners and sit ans wait to be served. They were never served, and faced loads of harassment and assault.

Question 17

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)

Answer 17

A committee that would confront aggressors about the problems, but would not attack back if faced with violence.

Question 18

Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)

Answer 18

They organized freedom ride to impliment court orders for integrated transportation. So they gave people rides so they could make change in the US supreme court.

Question 19

March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom

Answer 19

The largest civil rights demonstration with 250,000 people in attendance. Where MLK gave is famous “I Have a Dream” speech. Inspired by A. Philip Randolph.

Question 20

Mississippi Freedom Summer Project

Answer 20

Conducted thousands of northern black and white college students to direct voter registration drives. They drove to get more black people in the south registered to vote, but they were met with heavy resistance.

Question 21

Malcom X

Answer 21

Wanted separation from the white society. Used a more aggressive approach against white violence. More popular in urban areas.

Question 22

Black power movement

Answer 22

Movement of the 1960s and 1970s that emphasize black racial pride and autonomy. Black power advocates encourage African-Americans to assert community control, and some with in the movement also rejected the ethos of nonviolence.