Ch 16 Key Terms Flashcards
Lincoln’s Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction
- First phase of reconstruction
- Established in December 1863
- Pardoned most southern rebels
- Gave full pardons, returning of all property (except slaves), and political rights to southern rebels
- States had to renounce secession & accept emancipation. 10% of voting population had to take oath of allegiance to the union
- This had many loopholes in it and didn’t really help freedmen
- Enraged abolitionists
Sherman Land
- January 1865
- Started by General William Tecumseh Sherman
- Part of the coast of Charleston was set asside for black settlement
- By June 1865, some 40,000 freedmen sat on 40,000 aceres of “Sherman Land”
Freedman’s Bureau
- March 1865
- Distributed food and clothing to destitute southern freedmen and to ease the transition from slaves to freedmen
- The efforts were later overturned by Andrew Johnson, but overturned that veto by Congress
- Congress also divided abandoned land into 40 acre plots to “rent to sell” the land to freedmen
- By June 1865, the bureau had situated 10,000 families on 1/2 a million acres
Johnson’s plan for reconstruction
- 2nd phase of reconstruction
- 1865-1866
- Ratify the 13th amendment
- Renounce the ordnances of secession
- Repudiate confederate debt
- Swear allegiance to the union
- Thought Lincoln was too lenient
- Pardoned thousands of southerners (not tried for treason, taken property was given back with the acception of slaves)
- Kinda worked, many loopholes
Black Codes
- Laws passed by state governments in the south
- 1865 and 1866
- Sought to keep ex-slaves subordinate to whites
- At the core it was a plan to force blacks back to the plantations
Civil Rights Act of 1866
- Passed by congress in 1866
- Nullified Black Codes
- Affirmed that Black Americans were equal under the law
- Vetoed by Johnson, but Congress overruled that veto
Tenure of Office Act
- Demanded approval of the senate for thr removal of any government official who has been appointed with senate approval
- Johnson wanted to remove someone from office. When the senate said no, he did it anyways
15th amendment
- Passed in February 1869
- Prohibited stated to deny any citizen the right to vote on the basis of race, color, or previous conditions of servitude
- Extended black suffrage nationwide
- Upset women because it didn’t extend rights to them
Carpetbagger
- Southerners pejorative term for northern migrants who sought opportunity in the south after the civil war.
- They formed an important part of the southern republican party
Scalawag
A derogatory term that democratic southerners applied to republican southerners, who were seen as traitors to the south. Most were yeoman farmers.
Klu Klux Klan (KKK)
- A club of confederate veterans that quickly developed into a paramilitary organization supporting democrats
- Formed in 1866 in Tennessee
- Went on a rampage of violence to restore white supremacy
Sharecropping
A compromise that offered somethig to ex-masters and ex-slaves, but satisfied neither. A labor system that emerged in the south durring reconstruction. Under this system, plantation owners divided their plantations into small farms for freedmen to rent, paying with a share of each year’s crop. It gave blacks some freedom, but they were still dependent on white landlords and country merchants
Lien/Crop Lien
An arrangement called crop lien. A merchant would advance goods tona sharecropper in exchange for a lien, or a legal claim on a farmer’s future crop.
KKK Act of 1871
When southern republicans begged for federal protection from the Klu Klux Klan’s increasing violence, congress enacted 3 bills in 1870 and 1871, intending to break white terrorism. The strictest act (KKK act of 1871) made interference of voting rights a felony.
Civil Rights Bill of 1875
Enacted on March 1st, 1875. The bill affirmed “the equality of all men before the law” and prohibited racial discrimination in public places and facilities such as restaurants and public transportation
